Add a doc about Clang modules in Chromium

Bug: 40440396
Change-Id: Ie232ec10710e2c44cbf0a7548cbfc7fa38aef751
Reviewed-on: https://chromium-review.googlesource.com/c/chromium/src/+/5689703
Auto-Submit: Erik Staab <estaab@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
Commit-Queue: Nico Weber <thakis@chromium.org>
Cr-Commit-Position: refs/heads/main@{#1326710}

build/config/c++/c++.gni

@@ -41,11 +41,8 @@ declare_args() {
 
   # Use Clang header modules for libc++.
   # This is experimental only (see crbug.com/543704).
-  # This currently uses implicit modules, which are created on-the-fly when
+  # For details on the current state of modules in Chromium see
-  # Clang doesn't see them in the module cache. This doesn't work with remote
+  # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/main/docs/modules.md
-  # execution.
-  # Performance is worse than without modules when Chrome Clang plugins are on
-  # and worse when the module cache isn't warm.
   use_libcxx_modules = false
 }
 

docs/modules.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Clang and C++ Modules in Chromium
+
+## Overview
+
+Modules in C++ have the potential to significantly speed up building Chromium.
+With textual inclusion, many headers are re-parsed over
+[35000 times](https://commondatastorage.googleapis.com/chromium-browser-clang/include-analysis.html)
+and with modules could be reduced to the order of 10 times.
+
+Clang supports two types of modules:
+[Clang header modules](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/Modules.html) and
+[C++20 modules](https://clang.llvm.org/docs/StandardCPlusPlusModules.html) (also
+called Clang Modules and Standard C++ Modules). We're currently exploring Clang
+header modules because:
+1. Other projects (e.g. internally at Google) have had success deploying them to
+their code bases with large performance wins.
+2. They can be experimented with without rewrites to the code base or changes to
+the build system.
+
+We're currently experimenting with modules for libc++ and they can be enabled
+with the GN arg `use_libcxx_modules`. Using this arg is not currently
+recommended, due to the limitations mentioned below. It is only interesting to
+people working on the feature.
+
+## Current limitations
+
+### Implicit vs explicit modules
+
+We're using implicit modules, which are created on-the-fly when Clang doesn't
+see them in the module cache. This doesn't work with remote execution since the
+cached modules aren't known to the build system.
+
+The module cache is set to `<outdir>/gen/libcxx/module_cache`. Since the modules
+aren't known to ninja they aren't cleaned with `ninja -t clean` and need to be
+manually deleted for a clean build.
+
+We will eventually switch to explicit modules to address these issues, which
+will require support in GN and has been partially implemented
+([CL1](https://gn-review.googlesource.com/c/gn/+/9601),
+[CL2](https://gn-review.googlesource.com/c/gn/+/9602),
+[CL3](https://gn-review.googlesource.com/c/gn/+/9680), and
+[crbug.com/gn/373](https://crbug.com/gn/373)).
+
+### Duplicate modules
+
+Multiple pcm files are created per module. For correctness, Clang header modules
+default to using a hash of command line args in the module path. For compiling
+`base`, we have 19 different flag combinations and ~700 pcm files are created
+per flag combination for 13483 total pcms.
+
+Some flag combinations produce incompatible modules, like whether RTTI is turned
+on or off. For most others, we expect that the resulting modules from slight
+flag variations (e.g. setting include preprocessor defines unrelated to libc++)
+are compatible with each other and can be reused.
+
+### Performance
+
+With Chrome's Clang plugins turned on, modules perform worse than without
+modules even if fully cached ([crbug.com/351909443](https://crbug.com/351909443)).
+
+Building with modules and a cold module cache is much slower than without
+modules. This seems unexpected since Clang should still be doing less work.
+
+### Correctness
+
+When the module cache is cold, there are occasional build failures when ninja
+parallelism is high enough. I don't see it with 20 jobs but see it with 130 jobs
+([crbug.com/351865290](https://crbug.com/351865290)).