深海游弋的鱼 – 第 5 页

ubuntu 20.04将Python3交叉编译移植到Android平台

最近想在Android环境中集成Python3，参考了一下网上的实现，发现已经有项目实现这个功能的，具体的编译过程参考下面：

$ sudo apt-get install make

# makeinfo工具，包编译时候需要
$ sudo apt-get install texinfo 
 
$ sudo apt-get install git

$ sudo apt-get install aria2

$ cd ~

$ aria2c -c https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r21b-linux-x86_64.zip

$ unzip android-ndk-r21b-linux-x86_64.zip

# 安装pyenv，配置python 3.6.6 编译的是这个版本，需要安装这个版本的python,其他版本的Python编译会失败
$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git

$ cd pyenv

$ make

$ cd bin

$ sudo apt-get install openssl

$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

$ sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev

$ sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev

$ sudo apt-get install sqlite3

$ sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

# for scikit-learn
$ sudo apt-get install python-numpy

$ sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip

$ sudo apt-get install cython

$ ./pyenv install 3.6.6

# 全局设置版本 
$ ./pyenv global 3.6.6

$ eval "$(./pyenv init -)" 

$ cd ~

$ git clone https://github.com/qpython-android/qpython3-toolchain.git

$ cd qpython3-toolchain

$ sed -i 's/PYTHON?=python/PYTHON?=python3/g' Makefile

$ export ANDROID_NDK=~/android-ndk-r21b

# for python2
$ export CLANG_FLAGS_BASE=

# for pycryptodome
$ export PY_BRANCH=3

$ export PY_M_BRANCH=6m

# 目标编译代码为 aarch64
$ export TARGET_ARCH_ANDROID=aarch64

$ export TARGET_ARCH_NAME=android

$ export ANDROID_VER=29

$ make clean

$ make

# 目前 scikit-learn 部分还是编译不通过

$ sudo apt-get install make

# makeinfo工具，包编译时候需要

$ sudo apt-get install texinfo

$ sudo apt-get install git

$ sudo apt-get install aria2

$ cd ~

$ aria2c -c https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r21b-linux-x86_64.zip

$ unzip android-ndk-r21b-linux-x86_64.zip

# 安装pyenv，配置python 3.6.6 编译的是这个版本，需要安装这个版本的python,其他版本的Python编译会失败

$ git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git

$ cd pyenv

$ make

$ cd bin

$ sudo apt-get install openssl

$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev

$ sudo apt-get install libbz2-dev

$ sudo apt-get install libreadline-dev

$ sudo apt-get install sqlite3

$ sudo apt-get install libsqlite3-dev

# for scikit-learn

$ sudo apt-get install python-numpy

$ sudo pip2 install --upgrade pip

$ sudo apt-get install cython

$ ./pyenv install 3.6.6

# 全局设置版本

$ ./pyenv global 3.6.6

$ eval "$(./pyenv init -)"

$ cd ~

$ git clone https://github.com/qpython-android/qpython3-toolchain.git

$ cd qpython3-toolchain

$ sed -i 's/PYTHON?=python/PYTHON?=python3/g' Makefile

$ export ANDROID_NDK=~/android-ndk-r21b

# for python2

$ export CLANG_FLAGS_BASE=

# for pycryptodome

$ export PY_BRANCH=3

$ export PY_M_BRANCH=6m

# 目标编译代码为 aarch64

$ export TARGET_ARCH_ANDROID=aarch64

$ export TARGET_ARCH_NAME=android

$ export ANDROID_VER=29

$ make clean

$ make

# 目前 scikit-learn 部分还是编译不通过

参考链接

ubuntu 18.04完整安装配置WordPress 5.5.3并调优

$ sudo apt-get install apache2

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-client

$ sudo apt-get install php7.2

$ sudo apt-get install php-gd

$ sudo apt install php-mbstring

$ sudo apt install php-dom

# 如果使用了WP-Statistics统计插件，需要安装依赖
$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-curl

$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-bcmath

# PHP Zip支持，提高网络以及内存压缩工具，提升性能
$ sudo apt-get install php-zip

# PHP图像处理支持，imagick替代默认的GD图像处理，提升图像处理性能
$ sudo apt install php-imagick

# 默认imagick是不启用的，需要手工开启
$ sudo phpenmod imagick

$ sudo a2dismod mpm_prefork

$ sudo a2enmod mpm_event

$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-fastcgi php7.2-fpm

$ sudo service php7.2-fpm restart

$ sudo a2enmod actions fastcgi alias proxy_fcgi

$ sudo apt-get install php-mysql

# 启用 Rewrite 模块，我们后续的WP Super Cache需要这个模块的支持
$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

$ sudo service apache2 restart

# 我们以root连接数据库，我们需要手工创建数据库，否则会出现如下错误：
# “我们能够连接到数据库服务器(这意味着您的用户名和密码正确),但未能选择wordpress数据库。”
$ mysql -u root -p -e "create database wordpress;" 

$ cd /var/www

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data wordpress

$ sudo apt-get install apache2

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server

$ sudo apt-get install mysql-client

$ sudo apt-get install php7.2

$ sudo apt-get install php-gd

$ sudo apt install php-mbstring

$ sudo apt install php-dom

# 如果使用了WP-Statistics统计插件，需要安装依赖

$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-curl

$ sudo apt-get install php7.2-bcmath

# PHP Zip支持，提高网络以及内存压缩工具，提升性能

$ sudo apt-get install php-zip

# PHP图像处理支持，imagick替代默认的GD图像处理，提升图像处理性能

$ sudo apt install php-imagick

# 默认imagick是不启用的，需要手工开启

$ sudo phpenmod imagick

$ sudo a2dismod mpm_prefork

$ sudo a2enmod mpm_event

$ sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-fastcgi php7.2-fpm

$ sudo service php7.2-fpm restart

$ sudo a2enmod actions fastcgi alias proxy_fcgi

$ sudo apt-get install php-mysql

# 启用 Rewrite 模块，我们后续的WP Super Cache需要这个模块的支持

$ sudo a2enmod rewrite

$ sudo service apache2 restart

# 我们以root连接数据库，我们需要手工创建数据库，否则会出现如下错误：

# “我们能够连接到数据库服务器(这意味着您的用户名和密码正确),但未能选择wordpress数据库。”

$ mysql -u root -p -e "create database wordpress;"

$ cd /var/www

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data wordpress

WordPress配置文件

<VirtualHost *:80>
	# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
	# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
	# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
	# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
	# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
	# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
	# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
	#ServerName www.example.com

	ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
	#DocumentRoot /var/www/html
	DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress
	<Directory /var/www/wordpress>
		#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
		AllowOverride All
#		Apache 2.2 
#		FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/php5-cgi .php
#		AddHandler fcgid-script .php
#               Options ExecCGI SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
#		Apache 2.4.10
		<FilesMatch \.php$>	
			SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"
		</FilesMatch>
		Order allow,deny
		allow from all
	</Directory>

	# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
	# error, crit, alert, emerg.
	# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
	# modules, e.g.
	#LogLevel info ssl:warn

	ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
	CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

	# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
	# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
	# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
	# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
	# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
	#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

# The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that

# the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating

# redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName

# specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to

# match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this

# value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.

# However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.

#ServerName www.example.com

ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

#DocumentRoot /var/www/html

DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress

#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews

AllowOverride All

# Apache 2.2

# FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/php5-cgi .php

# AddHandler fcgid-script .php

# Options ExecCGI SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

# Apache 2.4.10

SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost"

</FilesMatch>

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

# Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,

# error, crit, alert, emerg.

# It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular

# modules, e.g.

#LogLevel info ssl:warn

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

# For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are

# enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to

# include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the

# following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only

# after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".

#Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf

</VirtualHost>

# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

启用Apache2的cache,expire,gzip模块，加强服务器性能

$ sudo a2enmod cache

$ sudo a2enmod expires

$ sudo a2enmod deflate

$ sudo service apache2 restart

$ sudo a2enmod cache

$ sudo a2enmod expires

$ sudo a2enmod deflate

$ sudo service apache2 restart

PHP-FPM进程数的设定，提高响应速度，解决页面加载时候缓慢的问题（如果感觉打开页面缓慢，建议调整下面的配置，这种情况尤其在访问量不大的时候会出现短暂的耗时增大，原因就是php进程被临时创建导致延迟增大）

# 增大最大并发进程数量，默认为5 根据需要增大
$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.max_children = 5/pm.max_children = 20/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大系统启动初始化的进程数量，默认为 1 根据需要增大
$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.start_servers = 1/pm.start_servers = 10/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大保留的最低空闲进程数量，默认为 2 根据需要增大
$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.min_spare_servers = 2/pm.min_spare_servers = 10/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大保留的最高空闲进程数量，默认为 3 根据需要增大
$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.max_spare_servers = 3/pm.max_spare_servers = 20/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 配置进程在处理多少个请求之后就退出，避免某些操作导致内存泄漏，及时进行资源回收操作
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#pm.max_requests = 500/pm.max_requests = 5000/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大最大并发进程数量，默认为5 根据需要增大

$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.max_children = 5/pm.max_children = 20/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大系统启动初始化的进程数量，默认为 1 根据需要增大

$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.start_servers = 1/pm.start_servers = 10/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大保留的最低空闲进程数量，默认为 2 根据需要增大

$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.min_spare_servers = 2/pm.min_spare_servers = 10/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 增大保留的最高空闲进程数量，默认为 3 根据需要增大

$ sudo sed -i "s/^pm.max_spare_servers = 3/pm.max_spare_servers = 20/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

# 配置进程在处理多少个请求之后就退出，避免某些操作导致内存泄漏，及时进行资源回收操作

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#pm.max_requests = 500/pm.max_requests = 5000/g" /etc/php/7.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

启用PHP7的opcache配置

######避免PHP信息暴露在http头中
expose_php = Off

######在关闭display_errors后开启PHP错误日志（路径在php-fpm.conf中配置）
log_errors = On

######开启opcache
[opcache]
; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled
;opcache.enable=0
opcache.enable=1

; The OPcache shared memory storage size.
;opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.memory_consumption=256

; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.
; Only numbers between 200 and 1000000 are allowed.
;opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.max_accelerated_files=1000000

; When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the
; webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect.
;opcache.validate_timestamps=1
opcache.validate_timestamps=3000

######避免PHP信息暴露在http头中

expose_php = Off

######在关闭display_errors后开启PHP错误日志（路径在php-fpm.conf中配置）

log_errors = On

######开启opcache

[opcache]

; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled

;opcache.enable=0

opcache.enable=1

; The OPcache shared memory storage size.

;opcache.memory_consumption=128

opcache.memory_consumption=256

; The maximum number of keys (scripts) in the OPcache hash table.

; Only numbers between 200 and 1000000 are allowed.

;opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000

opcache.max_accelerated_files=1000000

; When disabled, you must reset the OPcache manually or restart the

; webserver for changes to the filesystem to take effect.

;opcache.validate_timestamps=1

opcache.validate_timestamps=3000

重启服务

$ sudo service php7.2-fpm restart

1	$ sudo service php7.2-fpm restart

参考链接

禁止ubuntu 20.04自动休眠

最近在升级到ubuntu 20.04桌面版之后，发现当登陆之后，如果系统较长时间不操作，系统就自动休眠了。

如果重启之后，从来都没有登陆，就不会出现系统自动休眠的情况。

观察系统日志，发现类似如下的内容：

Feb 25 22:15:38 server NetworkManager[737]: <info>  [1582668938.0193] manager: sleep: sleep requested (sleeping: no  enabled: yes)
Feb 25 22:15:38 server NetworkManager[737]: <info>  [1582668938.0239] manager: NetworkManager state is now ASLEEP
Feb 25 22:15:38 server whoopsie[1025]: [22:15:38] offline
Feb 25 22:15:38 server gnome-shell[956]: Screen lock is locked down, not locking
Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.
Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd[1]: Starting Suspend...
Feb 25 22:15:38 server kernel: [ 1235.212537] PM: suspend entry (s2idle)
Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd-sleep[1705]: Suspending system...

Feb 25 22:15:38 server NetworkManager[737]: <info> [1582668938.0193] manager: sleep: sleep requested (sleeping: no enabled: yes)

Feb 25 22:15:38 server NetworkManager[737]: <info> [1582668938.0239] manager: NetworkManager state is now ASLEEP

Feb 25 22:15:38 server whoopsie[1025]: [22:15:38] offline

Feb 25 22:15:38 server gnome-shell[956]: Screen lock is locked down, not locking

Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.

Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd[1]: Starting Suspend...

Feb 25 22:15:38 server kernel: [ 1235.212537] PM: suspend entry (s2idle)

Feb 25 22:15:38 server systemd-sleep[1705]: Suspending system...

发现是触发了systemd的自动休眠功能，检查休眠功能的状态以及历史记录，如下：

$ systemctl status sleep.target
 ● sleep.target - Sleep
    Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/sleep.target; static; vendor preset: enabled)
    Active: inactive (dead)
      Docs: man:systemd.special(7)
 Feb 24 13:18:08 xps systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.
 Feb 26 13:29:31 xps systemd[1]: Stopped target Sleep.
 Feb 26 13:29:57 xps systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.
 Feb 26 13:30:19 xps systemd[1]: Stopped target Sleep.

$ systemctl status sleep.target

● sleep.target - Sleep

Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/sleep.target; static; vendor preset: enabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

Docs: man:systemd.special(7)

Feb 24 13:18:08 xps systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.

Feb 26 13:29:31 xps systemd[1]: Stopped target Sleep.

Feb 26 13:29:57 xps systemd[1]: Reached target Sleep.

Feb 26 13:30:19 xps systemd[1]: Stopped target Sleep.

普通桌面应用这个情况问题不大，但是如果是作为服务器使用的时候，我们一般远程访问系统，这个功能就会导致我们无法远程控制服务器，因此我们需要关闭这个功能。

执行关闭休眠功能的命令，如下：

$ sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target
 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sleep.target → /dev/null.
 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/suspend.target → /dev/null.
 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/hibernate.target → /dev/null.
 Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/hybrid-sleep.target → /dev/null.

$ sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sleep.target → /dev/null.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/suspend.target → /dev/null.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/hibernate.target → /dev/null.

Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/hybrid-sleep.target → /dev/null.

再次观察系统休眠状态，如下：

$ systemctl status sleep.target
● sleep.target
   Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit sleep.target is masked.)
   Active: inactive (dead)

$ systemctl status sleep.target

● sleep.target

Loaded: masked (Reason: Unit sleep.target is masked.)

Active: inactive (dead)

发现自动休眠功能已经被关闭，不会出现自动休眠导致远程控制无法访问的情况了。

参考链接

解决ubuntu安装软件has install-snap change in progress错误

在ubuntu软件商店安装vscode

$ sudo snap install --classic code

1	$ sudo snap install --classic code

报错：

无法安装visual studio code，

$ snap vscode has install-snap change in process

1	$ snap vscode has install-snap change in process

继续阅读解决ubuntu安装软件has install-snap change in progress错误

snap国内加速

最近升级到ubuntu 20.04之后，大量的软件都已经通过snap方式安装了，但是由于国内没有镜像服务器，导致下载速度很慢，解决方式如下：

$ sudo apt-get install snapd

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

$ sudo apt-get install snapd

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

ubuntu 18.04更新snap慢或者失败

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy 

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

# 更新已经安装的软件
$ sudo snap refresh

$ sudo snap install snap-store

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy

$ sudo snap install snap-store-proxy-client

# 更新已经安装的软件

$ sudo snap refresh

参考链接

Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS隐藏Tomcat-9.0.16.0的版本号与操作系统类型

其他方案

其他的方案跟 Ubuntu 14.04隐藏Tomcat-7.0.52的版本号与操作系统类型是一致的，但是具体的细节上存在不小的差异，还是需要记录一下。

$ cd ~

$ mkdir catalina

$ cd catalina

$ cp /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar .

$ unzip catalina.jar

$ cd org/apache/catalina/util

$ vim ServerInfo.properties

$ cd ~

$ mkdir catalina

$ cd catalina

$ cp /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar .

$ unzip catalina.jar

$ cd org/apache/catalina/util

$ vim ServerInfo.properties

可以看到里面的内容如下：

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)
server.number=9.0.16.0
server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)

server.number=9.0.16.0

server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

直接注释掉里面的内容，如下：

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)
# server.number=9.0.16.0
# server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

# the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

# limitations under the License.

# server.info=Apache Tomcat/9.0.16 (Ubuntu)

# server.number=9.0.16.0

# server.built=Sep 11 2019 19:47:51 UTC

修改完成后，把修改完成的数据存储到catalina.jar中。

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless

$ jar uvf catalina.jar org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo apt install openjdk-11-jdk-headless

$ jar uvf catalina.jar org/apache/catalina/util/ServerInfo.properties

把修改后的catalina.jar放回到Tomcat的目录下面:

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo unlink /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar 

$ sudo mv /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar.old

$ sudo cp catalina.jar /usr/share/java/

$ sudo chmod +r /usr/share/java/catalina.jar

$ cd /usr/share/tomcat9/lib

$ sudo ln -s ../../java/catalina.jar catalina.jar

$ cd ~

$ cd catalina

$ sudo unlink /usr/share/tomcat9/lib/catalina.jar

$ sudo mv /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar /usr/share/java/tomcat9-catalina.jar.old

$ sudo cp catalina.jar /usr/share/java/

$ sudo chmod +r /usr/share/java/catalina.jar

$ cd /usr/share/tomcat9/lib

$ sudo ln -s ../../java/catalina.jar catalina.jar

重启Tomcat的服务

$ sudo service tomcat9 restart

1	$ sudo service tomcat9 restart

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后letsencrypt证书更新出现异常“ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后，letsencrypt证书更新出现异常,如下：

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto
Error: couldn't get currently installed version for /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt: 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt", line 7, in <module>
    from certbot.main import main
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 2, in <module>
    from certbot._internal import main as internal_main
  File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/_internal/main.py", line 6, in <module>
    import logging.handlers
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>
    import sys, os, time, cStringIO, traceback, warnings, weakref, collections
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/weakref.py", line 14, in <module>
    from _weakref import (
ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

Error: couldn't get currently installed version for /opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt:

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/bin/letsencrypt", line 7, in <module>

from certbot.main import main

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/main.py", line 2, in <module>

from certbot._internal import main as internal_main

File "/opt/eff.org/certbot/venv/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/certbot/_internal/main.py", line 6, in <module>

import logging.handlers

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/logging/__init__.py", line 26, in <module>

import sys, os, time, cStringIO, traceback, warnings, weakref, collections

File "/usr/lib/python2.7/weakref.py", line 14, in <module>

from _weakref import (

ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref

原因为系统版本变化过大导致以前安装的Python组件不能适应最新的系统，最简单的方法就是删除之前安装的Python组件，让letsencrypt重新安装即可。

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

$ sudo rm -rf /opt/eff.org/

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

$ sudo rm -rf /opt/eff.org/

$ sudo ./letsencrypt-auto

参考链接

Cannot renew certificate “ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS

参考阿里云ECS ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS升级到ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS / 阿里云从ubuntu16.04.5升级到ubuntu 18.04.3后调整PHP 7.0到PHP 7.2 整个的升级步骤是差不多的，腾讯的升级流程更加顺利。

但是在升级完成之后，遇到了一个域名解析问题，报错如下：

$ ping www.baidu.com
ping: www.baidu.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

$ sudo apt-get update
Err:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'
Err:2 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'
Err:3 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
  Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

$ ping www.baidu.com

ping: www.baidu.com: Temporary failure in name resolution

$ sudo apt-get update

Err:1 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

Err:2 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

Err:3 http://mirrors.tencentyun.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease

Temporary failure resolving 'mirrors.tencentyun.com'

这个原因是因为我们在安装过程中，覆盖了腾讯设置的域名解析服务配置文件。

这个配置文件是/etc/resolv.conf。

但是，在Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS系统上，直接修改/etc/resolv.conf的话，重启系统之后，设置会被还原。我们需要修改/etc/systemd/resolved.conf才行。

根据地域的不同，服务器的地址存在差异，参考下面的脚本即可。

广州服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.138.224.65 10.182.20.26 10.182.24.12/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

上海服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.236.158.106 10.237.148.54 10.237.148.60/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

香港服务器：

# 不存在则增加
$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换
$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效
$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

# 不存在则增加

$ sudo sed -i "s/^#DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 存在则替换

$ sudo sed -i "s/^DNS=.*/DNS=10.243.28.52 10.145.0.57 10.145.0.58/g" /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

# 重启服务，配置生效

$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

参考链接

Ubuntu 18.04/20.04更换国内源

今天发现cn.archive.ubuntu.com不能更新了，只能换成国内源:

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 阿里云
$ sudo sed -i "s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apt/sources.list

$ sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

# 阿里云

$ sudo sed -i "s/cn.archive.ubuntu.com/mirrors.aliyun.com/g" /etc/apt/sources.list

参考链接

ubuntu 阿里云源

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参考链接

ubuntu 18.04完整安装配置WordPress 5.5.3并调优

参考链接

禁止ubuntu 20.04自动休眠

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解决ubuntu安装软件has install-snap change in progress错误

snap国内加速

ubuntu 18.04更新snap慢或者失败

参考链接

Ubuntu Server 18.04 LTS隐藏Tomcat-9.0.16.0的版本号与操作系统类型

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其他方案

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS之后letsencrypt证书更新出现异常“ImportError: cannot import name _remove_dead_weakref”

参考链接

腾讯云Ubuntu Server 16.04.7 LTS升级系统到Ubuntu Server 18.04.5 LTS

参考链接

Ubuntu 18.04/20.04更换国内源

参考链接

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