深海游弋的鱼 – 第 139 页 – 智障儿童欢乐多

Android Studio(Gradle)解决库依赖冲突问题

最近在调整代码的时候，出现如下问题：

Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes;
    UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:
com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes;
        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:579)
        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:535)
        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:517)
        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:164)
        at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)
        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:504)
        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:334)
        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:277)
        at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:245)
        at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)

Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes;

UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION:

com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes;

at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:579)

at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:535)

at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:517)

at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:164)

at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188)

at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:504)

at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:334)

at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:277)

at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:245)

at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106)

网上查询了一下，找到如下的解决方法：

我们常常用gradle.build文件导入依赖库，但是有时候库依赖会发生版本冲突或多个模块依赖同一个库的情况。

这就引出两个问题，如下：

版本冲突时，Gradle会下载多个版本的依赖库吗？
当多个模块依赖同一个库时，每个模块都会去下载该依赖库吗？
为解决这疑问，接下来我们在Android Studio用Gradle举个例子：
gradle.build依赖部分的配置：

dependencies {
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'
    compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1')
    compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2')
}

dependencies {

compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'

compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1')

compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2')

}

在文件目录下或Android Studio的Terminal下敲gradlew -q app:dependencies 命令，便有以下输出：

_debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3
     |    \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
     \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

_debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3
     |    \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
     \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

_debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data.
\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks.
\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128
     +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128
     |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1
     +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128
     |    +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*)
     |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1
     \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes.
No dependencies

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3
     |    \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
     \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources.
No dependencies

androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'.
No dependencies

apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes.
No dependencies

archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.
No dependencies

compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

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_debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3

| \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

+--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

\--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

_debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3

| \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

+--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

\--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

_debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data.

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks.

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128

+--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128

| \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1

+--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128

| +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*)

| \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes.

No dependencies

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3

| \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

+--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

\--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*)

androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources.

No dependencies

androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'.

No dependencies

apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes.

No dependencies

archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.

No dependencies

compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

可以看出:com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 这个模块原本是依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，但由于你又在gradle.build中加了这行androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' 故gradle就会下载com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本，而不会去下载com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，因此com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 就会被强转变依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本
第二个问题，我还是利用上面gradle命令行打出的信息来看看：

debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
|    +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

| +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*)

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*)

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

仔细看上面的依赖，com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 和com.android.support:design:22.2.1，有共同依赖一个com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1库，且com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖于com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1，但从打印出的信息可以看出com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖两个库的信息被打了星号标记，这标记意思是忽略这两个依赖的意思，也就是说不去下载这两个库。
从上面的两个例子来看，gradle对于需要多个版本的依赖库来说，一般只会下载你配置导入那个版本，如果没有手动导入，那就会下载所有模块依赖的最新版本那个库，面对多个模块依赖同一个库，每个模块不都会去下载该依赖库，而是下载一个该依赖库，共享给多个模块。
修改配置文件为：

dependencies {
    compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'
    compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1')
            {
                exclude group: 'com.android.support'
            }
    compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1'
    androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'
    androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2')
            {
                exclude  group:'com.android.support.test'
            }
}

dependencies {

compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1'

compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1')

{

exclude group: 'com.android.support'

}

compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3'

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2')

{

exclude group:'com.android.support.test'

}

打印信息：

$ gradlew -q app:dependencies

------------------------------------------------------------
Project :app
------------------------------------------------------------

_debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

_debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

_debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

_releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
No dependencies

androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data.
\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks.
\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128
     +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128
     |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1
     +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128
     |    +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*)
     |    \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1
     \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes.
No dependencies

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.
+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3
|    +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3
|    +--- junit:junit:4.12
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
|    \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1
\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2
     +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2
     +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
     +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3
     +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3
     |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)
     +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
     \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources.
No dependencies

androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'.
No dependencies

apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes.
No dependencies

archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.
No dependencies

compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.
+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1
|    \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1
|         \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1
+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1
\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

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$ gradlew -q app:dependencies

------------------------------------------------------------

Project :app

------------------------------------------------------------

_debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

\--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

_debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

\--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

_debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

+--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

_releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

_releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##

No dependencies

androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data.

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks.

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128

+--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128

| \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1

+--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128

| +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*)

| \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1

\--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128

androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes.

No dependencies

androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources.

+--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3

| +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3

| +--- junit:junit:4.12

| | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1

\--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2

+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2

+--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1

+--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3

+--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3

| \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*)

+--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1

\--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2

androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources.

No dependencies

androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'.

No dependencies

apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes.

No dependencies

archives - Configuration for archive artifacts.

No dependencies

compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources.

+--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1

| \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1

+--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1

\--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8

比较上面两种配置compile信息部分，后面一种配置的 com.android.support:design:22.2.1 就没有输出两个打星号的依赖库信息了。
因此遇到这两种情况是，是gradle能自动帮我们解决掉了这两种情况，对于如何使用gralde命令行查看库依赖(depends)请看官方文档

参考链接

gradle 管理依赖库两个问题

WordPress 4.4：禁用／关闭XML-RPC

最近网站的访问量统计发现，大量的访问请求来自第三方的国家，远远超过国内的访问量，主要是来自185.130.5.165这个IP的访问量严重的异常，怀疑是遭到了密码尝试攻击，跟踪日志：

tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log

1	tail -f /var/log/apache2/access.log

发现如下记录大量重复出现：

185.130.5.165 - - [06/Apr/2016:10:51:44 +0800] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 200 584 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible: MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)"

1	185.130.5.165 - - [06/Apr/2016:10:51:44 +0800] "POST /xmlrpc.php HTTP/1.0" 200 584 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible: MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0)"

由于我并不使用XML-RPC服务，因此考虑禁止对于xmlrpc.php的访问。

目前由于网站开启了.htacess的支持，因此，发现在.htacess中禁止文件访问是最高效的办法。

在.htacess的文件尾部增加如下语句即可：

# 禁止 WordPress xmlrpc.php 请求
<Files xmlrpc.php>
order deny,allow
deny from all
</Files>

# 禁止 WordPress xmlrpc.php 请求

order deny,allow

deny from all

</Files>

修改后的文件内容变更为：

# BEGIN WordPress
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>
# 禁止 WordPress xmlrpc.php 请求
<Files xmlrpc.php>
order deny,allow
deny from all
</Files>
# END WordPress

# BEGIN WordPress

RewriteEngine On

RewriteBase /

RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

</IfModule>

# 禁止 WordPress xmlrpc.php 请求

order deny,allow

deny from all

</Files>

# END WordPress

然后重启Apache2即可。

$sudo service apache2 restart

1	$sudo service apache2 restart

然后就会发现访问http://www.mobibrw.com/xmlrpc.php的时候，直接返回了403禁止访问了。

参考链接：

wordpress：禁用／关闭XML-RPC
利用xmlrpc.php对WordPress进行暴力破解攻击

Intel GM45集成显卡非对称内存导致花屏

Intel弹性双通道内存技术（Intel Flex Memory Technology），使用不同容量，不同规格甚至不成对的内存组成双通道，让系统配置和内存升级更具弹性。可惜的是在Intel GM45系列芯片的电脑上，两个容量不同的内存组成双通道会导致花屏，如下图所示：

BlurredScreen

解决这种情况的办法，只能是安装两个内存容量相同内存组成对称双通道才能彻底解决花屏的问题。

WordPress 4.4.2版本在设置固定链接后出现分类翻页异常（404）

为了配合WP Super Cache,必须对页面进行固定链接的设置,最初的设置是固定设置成/p=%post_id%的样子,如下图：
WordpressPermalinkSettingWrong

刚刚开始没发现异常，最近才发现，当一个分类的分页数量大于3页的时候，会出现打不开的情况。

当点击Android分类的时候，会发现文章分了11页，当点击第二页的时候，发现，链接地址中的"/"被替换成了"%2F"，导致网页打不开，直接返回404,如下图的情况：

ReplaceBy%2F

搜索半天，用Ubuntu12.04下WordPress安装WP Super Cache后链接包含”%2F”导致分类链接返回404的方法总算是解决，本以为没问题了，结果当点击完成第二页，继续点击第三页的时候，继续出现无法访问，观察链接后，发现错的更离谱了。如下图：

ClickTheThirdPage

直接提示"该页无法显示"

URLInCorrect

仔细观察链接会发现，链接地址莫名的被增加了一段%2Fpage%2F2，明显是第二页的地址残留，于是手工去掉这个多余的信息，发现是可以正常访问的。

RemovedIncorrectUrl

这就比较扯淡了，说明是页面生成的时候发生了异常。应该是不能正确的处理链接地址中携带%2F这种转义字符的情况。

网上搜索很长世间，也没有任何的有用信息，结果重新修改了一下固定链接，修改成/%year%/%post_id%,结果一切正常了，由此可见，WordPress应该是只测试了一部分情况，只能处理固定格式的固定链接，随便修改会导致内部代码混乱。 WordpressPermalinkSettingCorrect

如此修改后，链接地址中也不会出现"/"被替换成"%2F"的情况了。

Ubuntu12.04下WordPress安装WP Super Cache后链接包含”%2F”导致分类链接返回404

WordPress安装WP Super Cache后需要开启"固定链接",但是开启之后，发现在点击分类链接的时候，一旦出现多页，点击分页的时候返回404错误。
开始认为是重写规则设置得不对, 后来才发现, 是"%2F"导致Apache直接返回404错误.

比如浏览查看某个标签下的文章列表的链接为

http://www.mobibrw.com/p=/android/page/2

1	http://www.mobibrw.com/p=/android/page/2

被重写后的URL变为：

http://www.mobibrw.com/p=%2Fandroid/page/2

1	http://www.mobibrw.com/p=%2Fandroid/page/2

这样"/"被替换为"%2F",当这个请求到达Apache的时候,被Apache直接返回404错误。
Apache有一个配置项"AllowEncodedSlashes", 默认是"Off", 也就是不允许请求路径(上例是 %2Fandroid/page/2)中包含编码后的斜杠'/'(在某些平台是反斜杠'\'). 这个选项的的相应代码在mod_rewrite模块被执行之前:

// request.c
AP_DECLARE(int) ap_process_request_internal(request_rec *r){
	if (d->allow_encoded_slashes) {
		access_status = ap_unescape_url_keep2f(r->parsed_uri.path);
	} else {
		access_status = ap_unescape_url(r->parsed_uri.path);
	}
}

// util.c
AP_DECLARE(int) ap_unescape_url(char *url){
	if (IS_SLASH(*x) || *x == '\0')
		badpath = 1;
	...
	else if (badpath)
		return HTTP_NOT_FOUND;
}

// request.c

AP_DECLARE(int) ap_process_request_internal(request_rec *r){

if (d->allow_encoded_slashes) {

access_status = ap_unescape_url_keep2f(r->parsed_uri.path);

} else {

access_status = ap_unescape_url(r->parsed_uri.path);

}

// util.c

AP_DECLARE(int) ap_unescape_url(char *url){

if (IS_SLASH(*x) || *x == '\0')

badpath = 1;

...

else if (badpath)

return HTTP_NOT_FOUND;

}

默认不允许包含"%2F". 如果请求路径中包含了, 那么ap_unescape_url()函数认为是无效的路径, 直接返回HTTP_NOT_FOUND, 最终浏览器得到的是"404 - Not Found"出错页面.

Apache的配置文件中增加AllowEncodedSlashes On即可.如下：

$sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

1	$sudo vim /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default

ServerName www.mobibrw.com

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerName www.mobibrw.com
        ServerAlias www.mobibrw.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress
        #当URL中存在%2F转义后的字符‘/’的时候，会直接返回404，因此需要设置此项
        AllowEncodedSlashes On
        <Directory />
                Options FollowSymLinks
                AllowOverride All
        </Directory>
        <Directory /var/www/wordpress>
                #Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride All
                FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/php5-cgi .php
                Options ExecCGI SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                allow from all
        </Directory>

        ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
        <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
                AllowOverride None
                Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>

        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

        # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
        # alert, emerg.
        LogLevel warn

        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"
    <Directory "/usr/share/doc/">
        Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks
        AllowOverride None
        Order deny,allow
        Deny from all
        Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128
    </Directory>

</VirtualHost>

ServerName www.mobibrw.com

ServerName www.mobibrw.com

ServerAlias www.mobibrw.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/wordpress

#当URL中存在%2F转义后的字符‘/’的时候，会直接返回404，因此需要设置此项

AllowEncodedSlashes On

Options FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride All

</Directory>

#Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews

Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews

AllowOverride All

FCGIWrapper /usr/bin/php5-cgi .php

Options ExecCGI SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

Order allow,deny

allow from all

</Directory>

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/

AllowOverride None

Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"

Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks

AllowOverride None

Order deny,allow

Deny from all

Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128

</Directory>

</VirtualHost>

参考链接

链接包含"%2F"导致mod_rewrite失效

Windows下搭建基于Jenkins+Git+Gradle的Android持续集成

下载`Jenkins`

官网下载，如果官网下载存在问题，也可以在本站下载Jenkins。

下载`Gradle`

目前Android Studio支持的是Gradle 2.8版本,因此下载2.8版本的即可。Gradle 2.8，也可以本站下载。

安装Tomcat

官方主页Apache Tomcat。Windows下面建议下载32-bit/64-bit Windows Service Installer版本。
DownloadTomcat9

安装`Jenkins`

将下载的jenkins.war包直接放到tomcat下的webapps目录，启动tomcat,在浏览器输入:http://127.0.0.1:8080/jenkins

安装`Git plugin`,`Gradle plugin`,`Android Lint Plugin`插件

点击Jenkins首页的"Manage Jenkins"链接，如下图：
ManageJenkins

进入设置，点击"Manage Plugins"，添加Git plugin,Gradle plugin,Android Lint Plugin

ManagePlugins 在打开的页面中，搜索并且安装插件

PluginManagerInstall

系统配置

返回首页，点击" Manage Plugins"，然后进入页面中选择Configure System,配置JDK,Gradle,Git的选项。

JenkinsConfigure
设置JDK
SettingJava

SettingJavaManual

新建项目

首页点击"创建一个新任务",如下图：
NewJenkinsJobs
在接下来的页面中,输入工程的名字，并且选择"Freestyle project"

NewJobsCreateSelect
设置Git中源代码的路径，如果是使用SSH证书认证的登陆，则在Credentials中进行配置,如下图：

JenkinsJobAndroidConfigureGitNew

接下来配置触发构建的条件，目前我们设置为每天晚上3点，注意里面输入的是H 3 * * *,每个字符之间都有一个英文的空格。

JenkinsJobAndroidConfigureTrigger

接下来，配置Gralde的编译，在构建项目中选择"Invoke Gradle Script",如下图：
InvokeGradleScript
在选项的Tasks栏目中输入clean build --stacktrace --debug,如下图：

InvokeGradleScriptTasks
接下来，配置构建后操作,一般增加Publish Android Lint results,Archive the artifacts这两项即可，具体的配置参考下图：

InvokeGradleScriptTasksAfterBuild

构建项目

BuildNow

检验构建结果

构建完成以后检查一下，如果在：

当前用户目录\.jenkins\jobs\Android\workspace\app\build\outputs\apk\

1	当前用户目录\.jenkins\jobs\Android\workspace\app\build\outputs\apk\

下面成功生成了APK文件，则说明配置是成功的。

参考链接

基于Jenkins+git+gradle的android持续集成，jenkinsgradle

TortoiseGit 与 Putty 配置冲突导致 Server refuse our key

TortoiseGit是TortoiseSVN的Git版本,TortoiseGit用于迁移TortoiseSVN到TortoiseGit,一直以来Git在Windows平台没有好用GUI客户端,现在TortoiseGit的出现给Windows开发者带来福音

TortoiseGit原本用得好好的，一日安装了Putty后，问题出现了。。

在进行git操作时提示：

TortoisePLink fatal error
Disconnected: no supported authentication methods available
(server sent publickey)

TortoisePLink fatal error

Disconnected: no supported authentication methods available

(server sent publickey)

TortoiseGit版本信息：

TortoiseGit 1.8.3.0 (C:/Program Files/TortoiseGit/bin/TortoiseGitProc.exe)
git version 1.8.1.msysgit.1 (C:/Program Files (x86)/Git/bin)

1 2	TortoiseGit 1.8.3.0 (C:/Program Files/TortoiseGit/bin/TortoiseGitProc.exe) git version 1.8.1.msysgit.1 (C:/Program Files (x86)/Git/bin)

因为TortoiseGit调用了由Putty修改而来的TortoisePLink，因此Putty的配置将会影响TortoiseGit。

解决方法，删除注册表中的以下节点即可：

HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/SimonTatham/PuTTY/Sessions/Default%20Settings

1	HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software/SimonTatham/PuTTY/Sessions/Default%20Settings

参考链接：

TortoiseGit 与 Putty 配置冲突导致 Server refuse our key

Putty通过SSH无密码登陆Ubuntu12.04

(1)生成公钥/私钥对

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''

1	$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''

注意"-P"后面输入的内容为空的时候代表不需要输入密码。
完成后会在当前用户目录下的.ssh目录下生成id_rsa,id_rsa.pub这两个文件。
(2)拷贝证书到本地机器
把.ssh/id_rsa.pub拷贝下来，然后重命名成id_rsa.pub.git也就是Key加上用户名的命名方式，这样在Linux或者执行命令行的时候SSH可以自动进行用户名，密码的对应。
(3)对于Linux复制的id_rsa.pub.git添加到.ssh/authorzied_keys文件里

$ cat id_rsa.pub.git >> .ssh/authorized_keys

$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

$ cat id_rsa.pub.git >> .ssh/authorized_keys

$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys

authorized_keys的权限要是600。
(4)对于Windows,则需要把id_rsa这个文件拷贝下来，然后使用TortoiseGit自带的Puttygen转换为被TortoiseGit支持的.ppk文件。

点击"Conversions"菜单中的"Import key"选项，然后导入我们下载到的id_rsa。

PuttyKeyGeneratorImportKey

导入后，

SavePPK

由于Puttygen的BUG，导致如果直接点击"Save private key"，会导致生产的Public key是不正确的，因此，需要先点击"Save public key",保存为文件后，无视这个文件即可。然后接下来点击"Save private key"按钮，保存为.ppk文件，这个PPK文件才是我们需要的。

(5)修改SSHD的配置文件/etc/ssh/sshd_config
找到

#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

1	#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

这句，然后去掉注释。然后重启SSH服务

$ sudo  /etc/init.d/ssh  restart

1	$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart

(6)修改登录认证文件，把认证信息导入到需要认证的用户目录下的.ssh/authorized_keys文件中。

以上面添加的用户git为例子,通过命令:

$ cat /etc/passwd | grep git

1	$ cat /etc/passwd \| grep git

可以看到输出如下信息：

git:x:999:1000:git,,,:/shares:/bin/sh

1	git:x:999:1000:git,,,:/shares:/bin/sh

从而找到用户git的工作目录在/share目录下面.

因此执行如下命令：

$ cp -r /root/.ssh /share/.ssh

$ cd /share/.ssh

$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

$ cp -r /root/.ssh /share/.ssh

$ cd /share/.ssh

$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

接下来，需要修改authorized_keys的所有者为用户git,否则git无法通过这个文件进行认证。

$ cd /share/.ssh

$ chown git authorized_keys

$ cd /share/.ssh

$ chown git authorized_keys

而对于管理员root而言，我们不需要执行拷贝操作，只需要修改一下SSH的配置文件，并且执行如下命令即可:

$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

1	$ cat id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys

(7)Putty设置使用PPK文件进行登陆认证

左侧栏中选择Connection->SSH->Auth:

LoginPPK
然后点击左侧栏中的Session,点击Save保存设置，然后点击Open连接服务器。
SaveSession

(8)登陆时候，还是需要输入用户名的，因为Ubuntu服务器需要根据用户名来核查证书。输入用户名后，直接回车，会发现不需要再输入密码，就直接登陆了。

putty-7

Android：flags：value

最近用到了Android flag的机制，把Android现在所有的flag列出来，供参考。

FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION 0x00000001
FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION 0x00000002
FLAG_FROM_BACKGROUND 0x00000004
FLAG_DEBUG_LOG_RESOLUTION 0x00000008
FLAG_EXCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES 0x00000010
FLAG_INCLUDE_STOPPED_PACKAGES 0x00000020
FLAG_GRANT_PERSISTABLE_URI_PERMISSION 0x00000040
FLAG_GRANT_PREFIX_URI_PERMISSION 0x00000080
自定义 0x00000x00
自定义 0x00001000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_RETAIN_IN_RECENTS 0x00002000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_TASK_ON_HOME 0x00004000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK 0x00008000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_ANIMATION 0x00010000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_REORDER_TO_FRONT 0x00020000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION 0x00040000

FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_WHEN_TASK_RESET 0x00080000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_DOCUMENT 0x00080000

FLAG_ACTIVITY_LAUNCHED_FROM_HISTORY 0x00100000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED 0x00200000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_BROUGHT_TO_FRONT 0x00400000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_EXCLUDE_FROM_RECENTS 0x00800000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP 0x01000000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT 0x02000000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP 0x04000000

FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK 0x08000000
FLAG_RECEIVER_NO_ABORT 0x08000000

FLAG_RECEIVER_FOREGROUND 0x10000000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK 0x10000000

FLAG_RECEIVER_REPLACE_PENDING 0x20000000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP 0x20000000

FLAG_RECEIVER_REGISTERED_ONLY 0x40000000
FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_HISTORY 0x40000000

Gradle build使用buildConfigField设置Log开关

应用场景

通常情况下我们的apps发布后也就是release模式下log是不显示的，debug模式下是显示log的，但是在特殊情况下我们测试release包的时候需要log的时候，就无法使用BuildConfig.DEBUG来达到要求，因为在release模式下自动设置为false，debug模式下是true，这个时候我们需要自定义可控制的log开关。
Android Studio对应的BuildConfig.java位置

在Studio中生成的目录： /app/build/generated/source/buildConfig/ 文件下的产品目录里面，找到想要的包名下会自动生成BuildConfig.java文件。我们可以看看下release模式下该文件的内容：

/**
 * Automatically generated file. DO NOT MODIFY
 */
public final class BuildConfig {
  public static final boolean DEBUG = Boolean.parseBoolean("true");
  public static final String APPLICATION_ID = "com.pushcenter";
  public static final String BUILD_TYPE = "debug";
  public static final String FLAVOR = "";
  public static final int VERSION_CODE = 2100300305;
  public static final String VERSION_NAME = "3.3.5";
}

/**

* Automatically generated file. DO NOT MODIFY

public final class BuildConfig {

public static final boolean DEBUG = Boolean.parseBoolean("true");

public static final String APPLICATION_ID = "com.pushcenter";

public static final String BUILD_TYPE = "debug";

public static final String FLAVOR = "";

public static final int VERSION_CODE = 2100300305;

public static final String VERSION_NAME = "3.3.5";

}

怎样自定义`BuildConfig`字段

在我们的build.gradle里面加入如下代码：

buildTypes {
        release {
            // 不显示Log, 在java代码中的调用方式为：BuildConfig.LOG_DEBUG
            buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "false"
 
            minifyEnabled true
            zipAlignEnabled true
            shrinkResources true
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
 
            signingConfig signingConfigs.release
        }
 
        debug {
            // 显示Log
            buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "true"
 
            versionNameSuffix "-debug"
            minifyEnabled false
            zipAlignEnabled false
            shrinkResources false
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }

buildTypes {

release {

// 不显示Log, 在java代码中的调用方式为：BuildConfig.LOG_DEBUG

buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "false"

minifyEnabled true

zipAlignEnabled true

shrinkResources true

proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'

signingConfig signingConfigs.release

}

debug {

// 显示Log

buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "true"

versionNameSuffix "-debug"

minifyEnabled false

zipAlignEnabled false

shrinkResources false

signingConfig signingConfigs.debug

}

语法为：

buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "true"

1	buildConfigField "boolean", "LEO_DEBUG", "true"

上述语法就定义了一个boolean类型的LEO_DEBUG字段，值为true，之后我们就可以在程序中使用BuildConfig.LEO_DEBUG字段来判断我们所处的api环境。例如:

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

	setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

	CommonUtils.getVersionName(this);

	initViews();

	if(BuildConfig.LEO_DEBUG) {
		Log.i("leo", "MainActivity.onCreate()");
	}
}

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

CommonUtils.getVersionName(this);

initViews();

if(BuildConfig.LEO_DEBUG) {

Log.i("leo", "MainActivity.onCreate()");

}

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参考链接

参考链接：

参考链接

下载Jenkins

下载Gradle

安装Tomcat

安装Jenkins

安装Git plugin,Gradle plugin,Android Lint Plugin插件

系统配置

新建项目

构建项目

检验构建结果

参考链接

参考链接：

应用场景

怎样自定义BuildConfig字段

下载`Jenkins`

下载`Gradle`

安装`Jenkins`

安装`Git plugin`,`Gradle plugin`,`Android Lint Plugin`插件

怎样自定义`BuildConfig`字段