深海游弋的鱼 – 第 2 页 – 智障儿童欢乐多

Microsoft Store初始化失败

前置条件

Windows 11 家庭中文版 24H2 操作系统版本 26100.6584

Android页面内嵌入FlutterView

随着 Flutter 的流行，越来越多的开发者希望在现有的 Android 应用中引入 Flutter 的功能。本文将介绍如何在Android 应用中嵌入 Flutter View，并提供示例代码来帮助开发者快速上手。

1. 环境准备

在开始之前，请确保您已安装以下工具：

Android Studio
Flutter SDK

首先，您需要在您的 Android 应用中添加 Flutter 依赖。在 build.gradle 文件中添加 Flutter 相关的依赖：

dependencies {
    implementation 'io.flutter:flutter_embedding_debug:1.0.0' // 请根据具体版本调整
}

dependencies {

implementation 'io.flutter:flutter_embedding_debug:1.0.0' // 请根据具体版本调整

}

2. 创建Flutter Module

接下来，您需要创建一个 Flutter 模块。在命令行中运行以下命令：

flutter create -t module flutter_module

1	flutter create -t module flutter_module

这将创建一个名为 flutter_module 的 Flutter 模块。

3. 在Android中集成Flutter

3.1 修改Android原生代码

在您的 Android 项目中，首先需要设置 Flutter 引擎。在 Acticity 的 onCreate 方法中，添加如下代码来初始化 Flutter：

import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example.channel";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        // Initialize Flutter Engine
        FlutterEngine flutterEngine = new FlutterEngine(this);
        flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().executeDartEntrypoint(
            DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint.createDefault()
        );

        // Set up MethodChannel to communicate between Android and Flutter
        new MethodChannel(flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), CHANNEL)
            .setMethodCallHandler((call, result) -> {
                // Handle method calls from Flutter here
            });

        // Start FlutterActivity
        FlutterActivity.withCachedEngine("my_engine_id")
            .startActivity(this);
    }
}

import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;

import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine;

import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private static final String CHANNEL = "com.example.channel";

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize Flutter Engine

FlutterEngine flutterEngine = new FlutterEngine(this);

flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().executeDartEntrypoint(

DartExecutor.DartEntrypoint.createDefault()

);

// Set up MethodChannel to communicate between Android and Flutter

new MethodChannel(flutterEngine.getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), CHANNEL)

.setMethodCallHandler((call, result) -> {

// Handle method calls from Flutter here

});

// Start FlutterActivity

FlutterActivity.withCachedEngine("my_engine_id")

.startActivity(this);

}

3.2 在XML布局中添加FlutterView

接下来，您可以在 XML 布局中添加 FlutterView。这里是一个示例布局：

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterView
        android:id="@+id/flutter_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent">

<io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterView

android:id="@+id/flutter_view"

android:layout_width="match_parent"

android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</RelativeLayout>

3.3 Flutter View的显示

在设置好布局后，您需要在 Java 代码中加载 FlutterView 并显示它：

FlutterView flutterView = findViewById(R.id.flutter_view);
flutterView.attachToFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);

1 2	FlutterView flutterView = findViewById(R.id.flutter_view); flutterView.attachToFlutterEngine(flutterEngine);

3.4 生命周期绑定

在 Android Acvitity 的生命周期中调用 appIsResumed()、appIsInactive、appIsPaused、appIsDetached以通知 Flutter 界面进入相应状态，否则页面会出现绘制异常。

@Override
protected void onResume() {
    super.onResume();
    /*...dosomething*/
    getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsResumed();
}

@Override
protected void onPause() {
    super.onPause();
    /*...dosomething*/
    getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsInactive();
}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();
    /*...dosomething*/
    getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsDetached();
}

@Override

protected void onResume() {

super.onResume();

/*...dosomething*/

getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsResumed();

}

@Override

protected void onPause() {

super.onPause();

/*...dosomething*/

getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsInactive();

}

@Override

protected void onDestroy() {

super.onDestroy();

/*...dosomething*/

getEngine().getLifecycleChannel().appIsDetached();

}

参考链接

mbedtls tls 客户端应用详解

介绍 mbedtls 的 tls client 的使用方法，常见的功能参数配置和含义。当前使用的 mbedtls 版本是： mbedtls-3.4.0。

功能参数配置

需要配置的功能选项

设置 tls 协议版本: 配置 tls 1.2, tls 1.3, 还是二者都支持。
认证方式设置：单向认证、双向认证、还是 psk。
握手时的校验等级设置：不校验证书合法性，仅加密；校验，但如果失败也继续执行后面的握手流程；校验不通过则终止握手流程。
服务器ca证书设置
客户端证书和密钥设置
预定义共享密钥设置

编译配置

使用 mbedtls_config.h 配置文件，tls 1.2 默认打开，不需要修改，但 tls 1.3 未开启，需要特别设置。

//mbedtls_config.h 
#define MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3
#define MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS1_3_COMPATIBILITY_MODE
#define MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO
#define MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG

//mbedtls_config.h

#define MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3

#define MBEDTLS_SSL_TLS1_3_COMPATIBILITY_MODE

#define MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO

#define MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG

解决 mps_common.h 中的编译问题，替换 MBEDTLS_MPS_STORED_SIZE_MAX 和 MBEDTLS_MPS_SIZE_MAX 宏定义。

//mps_common.h
#define MBEDTLS_MPS_STORED_SIZE_MAX  (SIZE_MAX)
#define MBEDTLS_MPS_SIZE_MAX  (SIZE_MAX)

//mps_common.h

#define MBEDTLS_MPS_STORED_SIZE_MAX (SIZE_MAX)

#define MBEDTLS_MPS_SIZE_MAX (SIZE_MAX)

API 设计和实现

接口处理的事情，主要是连接参数配置、打开和关闭连接，接收和发送数据。

数据结构定义：

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT = 0, // 校验证书
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK, // 预定义共享密钥
    QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_MAX
}qtf_tls_auth_mode_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2 = 0,     // TLS v1.2
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3,         // TLS v1.3
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2_1_3,     // TLS v1.2 and TLS v1.3
    QTF_TLS_VERSION_MAX
}qtf_tls_version_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE = 0, // 不校验证书是否合法
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL, // 证书校验失败，继续执行握手
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED, // 证书校验失败终止握手，推荐配置
    QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_MAX
}qtf_tls_verify_mode_t;

typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_STATE,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO,
    QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_VERBOSE,
}qtf_tls_debug_level_t;

// tls 报文分片大小设置
typedef enum
{
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE = 0, // 不设置
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_512, // 设置 tls 报文分片大小 512 字节
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_1024,
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_2048,
    QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_4096,
}qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t;

typedef struct
{
    qtf_tls_auth_mode_t auth_mode; // 认证方式
    qtf_tls_verify_mode_t verify_mode; // 握手校验等级
    qtf_tls_version_t tls_version; // tls 协议版本设置
    qtf_tls_debug_level_t debug_level; // 调试日志等级设置
    qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t max_frag_len; // 报文分片大小设置
    uint32_t hanshake_timeout_ms; // 握手超时时间设置
    const char *ca_cert; 	// 服务器ca 证书
    uint32_t ca_cert_len;
    const char *client_cert; // 客户端证书
    uint32_t client_cert_len;
    const char *client_key; // 客户端密钥
    uint32_t client_key_len;
    const char *client_key_passwd;
    uint32_t client_key_passwd_len;
    const char *psk; // 预定义共享密钥
    uint32_t psk_len;
    const char *psk_id;
}qtf_tls_conn_param_t;

typedef enum

{

QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT = 0, // 校验证书

QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK, // 预定义共享密钥

QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_MAX

}qtf_tls_auth_mode_t;

typedef enum

{

QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2 = 0, // TLS v1.2

QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3, // TLS v1.3

QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2_1_3, // TLS v1.2 and TLS v1.3

QTF_TLS_VERSION_MAX

}qtf_tls_version_t;

typedef enum

{

QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE = 0, // 不校验证书是否合法

QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL, // 证书校验失败，继续执行握手

QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED, // 证书校验失败终止握手，推荐配置

QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_MAX

}qtf_tls_verify_mode_t;

typedef enum

{

QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE = 0,

QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR,

QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_STATE,

QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_INFO,

QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_VERBOSE,

}qtf_tls_debug_level_t;

// tls 报文分片大小设置

typedef enum

{

QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE = 0, // 不设置

QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_512, // 设置 tls 报文分片大小 512 字节

QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_1024,

QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_2048,

QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_4096,

}qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t;

typedef struct

{

qtf_tls_auth_mode_t auth_mode; // 认证方式

qtf_tls_verify_mode_t verify_mode; // 握手校验等级

qtf_tls_version_t tls_version; // tls 协议版本设置

qtf_tls_debug_level_t debug_level; // 调试日志等级设置

qtf_tls_max_frag_len_t max_frag_len; // 报文分片大小设置

uint32_t hanshake_timeout_ms; // 握手超时时间设置

const char *ca_cert; // 服务器ca 证书

uint32_t ca_cert_len;

const char *client_cert; // 客户端证书

uint32_t client_cert_len;

const char *client_key; // 客户端密钥

uint32_t client_key_len;

const char *client_key_passwd;

uint32_t client_key_passwd_len;

const char *psk; // 预定义共享密钥

uint32_t psk_len;

const char *psk_id;

}qtf_tls_conn_param_t;

连接参数配置说明：

auth_mode：认证方式设置。

一是通过证书认证，另一个是通过预定义密钥 PSK。
verify_mode：握手的校验等级。

推荐配置为 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_REQUIRED。如果只是想加密而不校验，可以配置 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE 或 QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL。
tls_version：tls 协议版本。

推荐配置成 tls 1.2 或 tls 1.3，tls 1.2 以下的版本不安全，tls 1.3 版本 mbedtls 没有完整支持。
debug_level：日志等级。

推荐设置 QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_NONE 关闭日志输出。排查问题时可以将日志打开 QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_VERBOSE（注意会打印密钥和收发数据的明文内容）。
max_frag_len：数据分片大小设置。

在客户端侧设置，用于协商数据分片大小，设置这个参数应该是出于对使用内存大小和带宽的考虑。

设置太小，可能会出现服务器证书接收不完整导致握手失败问题，但最大值也不能设置超过接收缓冲区的大小。
hanshake_timeout_ms：握手超时时间。
ca_cert：服务器的 ca 证书。

如果要求校验证书，则必须设置。客户端校验服务器是否合法，单向认证。
client_cert：客户端证书。

要求双向认证的时候必须设置，用于服务器校验客户端是否合法。同时还要设置 client_key。
psk ：预定义共享密钥。

psk 不需要证书认证，减少握手数据交互流程，但需要指定 psk_id 身份标识和指定加密套件。

接口定义：

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param);
int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);
int qtf_tls_close(void *handle);

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param);

int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);

int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms);

int qtf_tls_close(void *handle);

接口实现:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "qt_idf_tls.h"
#include "dlg/dlg.h"

#include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h"
#include "mbedtls/ssl.h"
#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"
#include "mbedtls/debug.h"
#include "mbedtls/platform.h"
#include "mbedtls/timing.h"
#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"
#include "mbedtls/error.h"

typedef struct
{
    mbedtls_net_context      socket_fd;
    mbedtls_entropy_context  entropy;
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;
    mbedtls_ssl_context      ssl;
    mbedtls_ssl_config       ssl_conf;
    mbedtls_x509_crt         ca_cert;
    mbedtls_x509_crt         client_cert;
    mbedtls_pk_context       private_key;
}qtf_tls_handle_t;

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)
static void _ssl_debug(void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str)
{
    printf("[mbedTLS]:[%s]:[%d]: %s\r\n", (file), line, (str));
}

#endif

static int _mbedtls_tcp_connect(mbedtls_net_context *ctx, const char *host, uint16_t port)
{
    int ret = 0;
    char port_str[6] = {0};

    snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", port);

    ret = mbedtls_net_connect(ctx, host, port_str, MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_net_connect connect failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);
       
        return ret;
    }

    ret = mbedtls_net_set_block(ctx);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_net_set_block failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);
        return ret;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int _tls_net_init(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    int ret = -1;

    mbedtls_net_init(&(handle->socket_fd));
    mbedtls_ssl_init(&(handle->ssl));
    mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&(handle->ssl_conf));
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&(handle->ctr_drbg));
    
    mbedtls_entropy_init(&(handle->entropy));

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)
    mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(param->debug_level);
    mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&handle->ssl_conf, _ssl_debug, NULL);
#endif

#if defined(MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO) || defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3)
    // tls 1.3 需要调用 psa_crypto_init
    ret = psa_crypto_init();
    if (ret != PSA_SUCCESS)
    {
        dlg_error("psa_crypto_init failed");
        goto error;
    }
#endif

    ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->max_frag_len);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len failed");
        goto error;
    }


    ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&(handle->ctr_drbg), mbedtls_entropy_func, &(handle->entropy), NULL, 0);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 证书认证方式
    if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT)
    {
        if(param->ca_cert && param->ca_cert_len)
        {
            mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->ca_cert));
            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->ca_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->ca_cert, param->ca_cert_len+1);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(param->verify_mode != QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE)
            {
                dlg_error("invalid ca cert");
                goto error;
            }
            dlg_info("verify mode is none");
        }
        
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->ca_cert), NULL);
		
        if (param->client_cert && param->client_cert_len && param->client_key && param->client_key_len)
        {
            // 双向认证
            mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->client_cert));
            mbedtls_pk_init(&(handle->private_key));
            ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->client_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->client_cert, param->client_cert_len + 1);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");
                goto error;
            }

            ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_key(&(handle->private_key), (const unsigned char *)param->client_key,
                                       param->client_key_len + 1, (const unsigned char *)param->client_key_passwd, param->client_key_passwd_len + 1, NULL, NULL);
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_pk_parse_key failed");
                goto error;
            }
            ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->client_cert), &(handle->private_key));
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
    }
    // psk 认证
    else if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK)
    {
        if(param->psk && param->psk_len && param->psk_id)
        {
            ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk(&(handle->ssl_conf), (const unsigned char *)param->psk, param->psk_len,
                                       (const unsigned char *)param->psk_id, strlen(param->psk_id));
            if (ret != 0)
            {
                dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk failed");
                goto error;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            dlg_error("invalid psk");
            goto error;
        }
    }
    else
    {
        dlg_error("invalid auth mode");
        goto error;
    }
    return ret;

error:
    
    return ret;

}

static int __tls_net_deinit(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle)
{
    mbedtls_net_free(&(handle->socket_fd));
    mbedtls_ssl_free(&(handle->ssl));
    mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&(handle->ssl_conf));
    mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&(handle->ctr_drbg));
    mbedtls_entropy_free(&(handle->entropy));
    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->ca_cert));
    mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->client_cert));
    mbedtls_pk_free(&(handle->private_key));

    return 0;
}

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *handle = NULL;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!host || !param)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        goto error;
    }

    handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)malloc(sizeof(qtf_tls_handle_t));
    if(!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("malloc failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 配置 tls 连接参数
    ret = _tls_net_init(handle, param);
    if(ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("tls net init failed");
        goto error;
    }

    dlg_info("Connecting to %s:%d...", host, port);
	// 建立 tcp 连接
    ret = _mbedtls_tcp_connect(&(handle->socket_fd), host, port);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_tcp_connect failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 设置 tls 客户端
    mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT);

    mbedtls_ssl_conf_read_timeout(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->hanshake_timeout_ms);
	
    // 配置认证等级
    mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->verify_mode);
	
    // 协议版本设置
    if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2)
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
    }
    else if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3)
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
    }
    else
    {
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);
        mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);
    }


    mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&(handle->ssl_conf), mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &(handle->ctr_drbg));

    // todo: config ciphersuites

    ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->ssl_conf));
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_setup failed");
        goto error;
    }
	
    // 配置 tcp 收发函数，可自定义也可使用 mbedtls 的实现
    mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->socket_fd), mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, mbedtls_net_recv_timeout);
	
    // 设置服务器域名，目的是配置 SNI （Server Name Indication） 扩展。
    ret = mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&(handle->ssl), host);
    if (ret != 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname failed");
        goto error;
    }

    // 执行握手流程
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&(handle->ssl))) != 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_handshake failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            goto error;
        }
    }
	
    // 证书校验结果
    ret = mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result(&(handle->ssl));
    if (ret < 0)
    {
        dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result  0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
        goto error;
    }

    return handle;

error:

    if(handle)
    {
        __tls_net_deinit(handle);
        free(handle);
    }

    return NULL;
}

int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 发送数据
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&(tls_handle->ssl), (const unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_write failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}
int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)
{
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;
    int ret = 0;

    if(!handle || !buf || !len)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 接收数据
    while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_read(&(tls_handle->ssl), (unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)
    {
        if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)
        {
            dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_read failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);
            return -1;
        }
    }

    return ret;
}

int qtf_tls_close(void *handle)
{
    int ret = 0;
    qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;

    if (!handle)
    {
        dlg_error("invalid param");
        return -1;
    }
	// 关闭连接，释放资源
    do
    {
        ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify(&(tls_handle->ssl));
    } while (ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ || ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE);

    __tls_net_deinit(tls_handle);
    free(tls_handle);

    return 0;
}

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

140

141

142

143

144

145

146

147

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

185

186

187

188

189

190

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

200

201

202

203

204

205

206

207

208

209

210

211

212

213

214

215

216

217

218

219

220

221

222

223

224

225

226

227

228

229

230

231

232

233

234

235

236

237

238

239

240

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

253

254

255

256

257

258

259

260

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270

271

272

273

274

275

276

277

278

279

280

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

293

294

295

296

297

298

299

300

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

313

314

315

316

317

318

319

320

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

333

334

335

336

337

338

339

340

341

342

343

344

345

346

347

348

349

350

351

352

353

354

355

356

357

358

359

360

361

362

363

364

365

366

367

368

369

370

371

372

373

374

375

376

377

378

379

380

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include <string.h>

#include "qt_idf_tls.h"

#include "dlg/dlg.h"

#include "mbedtls/net_sockets.h"

#include "mbedtls/ssl.h"

#include "mbedtls/ctr_drbg.h"

#include "mbedtls/debug.h"

#include "mbedtls/platform.h"

#include "mbedtls/timing.h"

#include "mbedtls/entropy.h"

#include "mbedtls/error.h"

typedef struct

{

mbedtls_net_context socket_fd;

mbedtls_entropy_context entropy;

mbedtls_ctr_drbg_context ctr_drbg;

mbedtls_ssl_context ssl;

mbedtls_ssl_config ssl_conf;

mbedtls_x509_crt ca_cert;

mbedtls_x509_crt client_cert;

mbedtls_pk_context private_key;

}qtf_tls_handle_t;

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)

static void _ssl_debug(void *ctx, int level, const char *file, int line, const char *str)

{

printf("[mbedTLS]:[%s]:[%d]: %s\r\n", (file), line, (str));

}

#endif

static int _mbedtls_tcp_connect(mbedtls_net_context *ctx, const char *host, uint16_t port)

{

int ret = 0;

char port_str[6] = {0};

snprintf(port_str, sizeof(port_str), "%d", port);

ret = mbedtls_net_connect(ctx, host, port_str, MBEDTLS_NET_PROTO_TCP);

if(ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_net_connect connect failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);

return ret;

}

ret = mbedtls_net_set_block(ctx);

if(ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_net_set_block failed returned 0x%04x errno: %d", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret, errno);

return ret;

}

return 0;

}

static int _tls_net_init(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)

{

int ret = -1;

mbedtls_net_init(&(handle->socket_fd));

mbedtls_ssl_init(&(handle->ssl));

mbedtls_ssl_config_init(&(handle->ssl_conf));

mbedtls_ctr_drbg_init(&(handle->ctr_drbg));

mbedtls_entropy_init(&(handle->entropy));

#if defined(MBEDTLS_DEBUG_C)

mbedtls_debug_set_threshold(param->debug_level);

mbedtls_ssl_conf_dbg(&handle->ssl_conf, _ssl_debug, NULL);

#endif

#if defined(MBEDTLS_USE_PSA_CRYPTO) || defined(MBEDTLS_SSL_PROTO_TLS1_3)

// tls 1.3 需要调用 psa_crypto_init

ret = psa_crypto_init();

if (ret != PSA_SUCCESS)

{

dlg_error("psa_crypto_init failed");

goto error;

}

#endif

ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->max_frag_len);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_frag_len failed");

goto error;

}

ret = mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed(&(handle->ctr_drbg), mbedtls_entropy_func, &(handle->entropy), NULL, 0);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ctr_drbg_seed failed");

goto error;

}

// 证书认证方式

if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT)

{

if(param->ca_cert && param->ca_cert_len)

{

mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->ca_cert));

ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->ca_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->ca_cert, param->ca_cert_len+1);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");

goto error;

}

else

{

if(param->verify_mode != QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_NONE)

{

dlg_error("invalid ca cert");

goto error;

}

dlg_info("verify mode is none");

}

mbedtls_ssl_conf_ca_chain(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->ca_cert), NULL);

if (param->client_cert && param->client_cert_len && param->client_key && param->client_key_len)

{

// 双向认证

mbedtls_x509_crt_init(&(handle->client_cert));

mbedtls_pk_init(&(handle->private_key));

ret = mbedtls_x509_crt_parse(&(handle->client_cert), (const unsigned char *)param->client_cert, param->client_cert_len + 1);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_x509_crt_parse failed");

goto error;

}

ret = mbedtls_pk_parse_key(&(handle->private_key), (const unsigned char *)param->client_key,

param->client_key_len + 1, (const unsigned char *)param->client_key_passwd, param->client_key_passwd_len + 1, NULL, NULL);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_pk_parse_key failed");

goto error;

}

ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert(&(handle->ssl_conf), &(handle->client_cert), &(handle->private_key));

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_own_cert failed");

goto error;

}

// psk 认证

else if(param->auth_mode == QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_PSK)

{

if(param->psk && param->psk_len && param->psk_id)

{

ret = mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk(&(handle->ssl_conf), (const unsigned char *)param->psk, param->psk_len,

(const unsigned char *)param->psk_id, strlen(param->psk_id));

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_conf_psk failed");

goto error;

}

else

{

dlg_error("invalid psk");

goto error;

}

else

{

dlg_error("invalid auth mode");

goto error;

}

return ret;

error:

return ret;

}

static int __tls_net_deinit(qtf_tls_handle_t *handle)

{

mbedtls_net_free(&(handle->socket_fd));

mbedtls_ssl_free(&(handle->ssl));

mbedtls_ssl_config_free(&(handle->ssl_conf));

mbedtls_ctr_drbg_free(&(handle->ctr_drbg));

mbedtls_entropy_free(&(handle->entropy));

mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->ca_cert));

mbedtls_x509_crt_free(&(handle->client_cert));

mbedtls_pk_free(&(handle->private_key));

return 0;

}

void *qtf_tls_connect(const char *host, uint16_t port, qtf_tls_conn_param_t *param)

{

qtf_tls_handle_t *handle = NULL;

int ret = 0;

if(!host || !param)

{

dlg_error("invalid param");

goto error;

}

handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)malloc(sizeof(qtf_tls_handle_t));

if(!handle)

{

dlg_error("malloc failed");

goto error;

}

// 配置 tls 连接参数

ret = _tls_net_init(handle, param);

if(ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("tls net init failed");

goto error;

}

dlg_info("Connecting to %s:%d...", host, port);

// 建立 tcp 连接

ret = _mbedtls_tcp_connect(&(handle->socket_fd), host, port);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_tcp_connect failed");

goto error;

}

// 设置 tls 客户端

mbedtls_ssl_config_defaults(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_IS_CLIENT, MBEDTLS_SSL_TRANSPORT_STREAM, MBEDTLS_SSL_PRESET_DEFAULT);

mbedtls_ssl_conf_read_timeout(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->hanshake_timeout_ms);

// 配置认证等级

mbedtls_ssl_conf_authmode(&(handle->ssl_conf), param->verify_mode);

// 协议版本设置

if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2)

{

mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);

mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);

}

else if(param->tls_version == QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_3)

{

mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);

mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);

}

else

{

mbedtls_ssl_conf_max_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_3);

mbedtls_ssl_conf_min_tls_version(&(handle->ssl_conf), MBEDTLS_SSL_VERSION_TLS1_2);

}

mbedtls_ssl_conf_rng(&(handle->ssl_conf), mbedtls_ctr_drbg_random, &(handle->ctr_drbg));

// todo: config ciphersuites

ret = mbedtls_ssl_setup(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->ssl_conf));

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_setup failed");

goto error;

}

// 配置 tcp 收发函数，可自定义也可使用 mbedtls 的实现

mbedtls_ssl_set_bio(&(handle->ssl), &(handle->socket_fd), mbedtls_net_send, mbedtls_net_recv, mbedtls_net_recv_timeout);

// 设置服务器域名，目的是配置 SNI （Server Name Indication）扩展。

ret = mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname(&(handle->ssl), host);

if (ret != 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_set_hostname failed");

goto error;

}

// 执行握手流程

while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_handshake(&(handle->ssl))) != 0)

{

if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_handshake failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);

goto error;

}

// 证书校验结果

ret = mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result(&(handle->ssl));

if (ret < 0)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_get_verify_result 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);

goto error;

}

return handle;

error:

if(handle)

{

__tls_net_deinit(handle);

free(handle);

}

return NULL;

}

int qtf_tls_send(void *handle, const void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)

{

qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;

int ret = 0;

if(!handle || !buf || !len)

{

dlg_error("invalid param");

return -1;

}

// 发送数据

while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_write(&(tls_handle->ssl), (const unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)

{

if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_write failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);

return -1;

}

return ret;

}

int qtf_tls_recv(void *handle, void *buf, uint32_t len, uint32_t timeout_ms)

{

qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;

int ret = 0;

if(!handle || !buf || !len)

{

dlg_error("invalid param");

return -1;

}

// 接收数据

while ((ret = mbedtls_ssl_read(&(tls_handle->ssl), (unsigned char *)buf, len)) <= 0)

{

if (ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ && ret != MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE)

{

dlg_error("mbedtls_ssl_read failed 0x%04x", ret < 0 ? -ret : ret);

return -1;

}

return ret;

}

int qtf_tls_close(void *handle)

{

int ret = 0;

qtf_tls_handle_t *tls_handle = (qtf_tls_handle_t *)handle;

if (!handle)

{

dlg_error("invalid param");

return -1;

}

// 关闭连接，释放资源

{

ret = mbedtls_ssl_close_notify(&(tls_handle->ssl));

} while (ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_READ || ret == MBEDTLS_ERR_SSL_WANT_WRITE);

__tls_net_deinit(tls_handle);

free(tls_handle);

return 0;

}

测试例子

测试代码，连接 https 测试服务器 httpbin.org，发送一个 get 请求，并接收服务器回复。

void shell_tlstest_cmd(int argc, char *argv)
{
	qtf_tls_conn_param_t tls_param = {0};
	void *tls_handle = NULL;
	char recv_buf[1024] = {0};
	int ret = 0;

	const char request[] = "GET /get?a=1 HTTP/1.1\r\n"
		"Host: httpbin.org\r\n"
		"Connection: close\r\n"
		"\r\n";
	const char *test_ca_cert =
		{

			"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"
			"MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\r\n"
			"A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\r\n"
			"b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\r\n"
			"MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\r\n"
			"YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\r\n"
			"aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\r\n"
			"jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\r\n"
			"xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\r\n"
			"1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\r\n"
			"snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\r\n"
			"U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\r\n"
			"9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\r\n"
			"BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n"
			"AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\r\n"
			"yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\r\n"
			"38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\r\n"
			"AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\r\n"
			"DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\r\n"
			"HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\r\n"
			"-----END CERTIFICATE-----"};
	tls_param.auth_mode = QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT;
	tls_param.verify_mode = QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL;
	tls_param.hanshake_timeout_ms = 10000;
	tls_param.ca_cert = test_ca_cert;
	tls_param.ca_cert_len = strlen(test_ca_cert);
	tls_param.client_cert = NULL;
	tls_param.client_cert_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_len = 0;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd = NULL;
	tls_param.client_key_passwd_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk = NULL;
	tls_param.psk_len = 0;
	tls_param.psk_id = NULL;
	tls_param.debug_level = QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR;
	tls_param.tls_version = QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2;
	tls_param.max_frag_len = QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE;

	tls_handle = qtf_tls_connect("httpbin.org", 443, &tls_param);
	if(tls_handle)
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls connect failed\r\n");
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_send(tls_handle, request, strlen(request), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls send success\r\n");
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls send failed\r\n");
		qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);
		return;
	}

	ret = qtf_tls_recv(tls_handle, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 1000);
	if(ret > 0)
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv success\r\n");
		shell_printf("recv:%s\r\n", recv_buf);
	}
	else
	{
		shell_printf("tls recv failed\r\n");
	}

	qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);

}

void shell_tlstest_cmd(int argc, char *argv)

{

qtf_tls_conn_param_t tls_param = {0};

void *tls_handle = NULL;

char recv_buf[1024] = {0};

int ret = 0;

const char request[] = "GET /get?a=1 HTTP/1.1\r\n"

"Host: httpbin.org\r\n"

"Connection: close\r\n"

"\r\n";

const char *test_ca_cert =

{

"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n"

"MIIDdTCCAl2gAwIBAgILBAAAAAABFUtaw5QwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwVzELMAkG\r\n"

"A1UEBhMCQkUxGTAXBgNVBAoTEEdsb2JhbFNpZ24gbnYtc2ExEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Jv\r\n"

"b3QgQ0ExGzAZBgNVBAMTEkdsb2JhbFNpZ24gUm9vdCBDQTAeFw05ODA5MDExMjAw\r\n"

"MDBaFw0yODAxMjgxMjAwMDBaMFcxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkJFMRkwFwYDVQQKExBHbG9i\r\n"

"YWxTaWduIG52LXNhMRAwDgYDVQQLEwdSb290IENBMRswGQYDVQQDExJHbG9iYWxT\r\n"

"aWduIFJvb3QgQ0EwggEiMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4IBDwAwggEKAoIBAQDaDuaZ\r\n"

"jc6j40+Kfvvxi4Mla+pIH/EqsLmVEQS98GPR4mdmzxzdzxtIK+6NiY6arymAZavp\r\n"

"xy0Sy6scTHAHoT0KMM0VjU/43dSMUBUc71DuxC73/OlS8pF94G3VNTCOXkNz8kHp\r\n"

"1Wrjsok6Vjk4bwY8iGlbKk3Fp1S4bInMm/k8yuX9ifUSPJJ4ltbcdG6TRGHRjcdG\r\n"

"snUOhugZitVtbNV4FpWi6cgKOOvyJBNPc1STE4U6G7weNLWLBYy5d4ux2x8gkasJ\r\n"

"U26Qzns3dLlwR5EiUWMWea6xrkEmCMgZK9FGqkjWZCrXgzT/LCrBbBlDSgeF59N8\r\n"

"9iFo7+ryUp9/k5DPAgMBAAGjQjBAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIBBjAPBgNVHRMBAf8E\r\n"

"BTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBRge2YaRQ2XyolQL30EzTSo//z9SzANBgkqhkiG9w0B\r\n"

"AQUFAAOCAQEA1nPnfE920I2/7LqivjTFKDK1fPxsnCwrvQmeU79rXqoRSLblCKOz\r\n"

"yj1hTdNGCbM+w6DjY1Ub8rrvrTnhQ7k4o+YviiY776BQVvnGCv04zcQLcFGUl5gE\r\n"

"38NflNUVyRRBnMRddWQVDf9VMOyGj/8N7yy5Y0b2qvzfvGn9LhJIZJrglfCm7ymP\r\n"

"AbEVtQwdpf5pLGkkeB6zpxxxYu7KyJesF12KwvhHhm4qxFYxldBniYUr+WymXUad\r\n"

"DKqC5JlR3XC321Y9YeRq4VzW9v493kHMB65jUr9TU/Qr6cf9tveCX4XSQRjbgbME\r\n"

"HMUfpIBvFSDJ3gyICh3WZlXi/EjJKSZp4A==\r\n"

"-----END CERTIFICATE-----"};

tls_param.auth_mode = QTF_TLS_AUTH_MODE_CERT;

tls_param.verify_mode = QTF_TLS_VERIFY_MODE_OPTIONAL;

tls_param.hanshake_timeout_ms = 10000;

tls_param.ca_cert = test_ca_cert;

tls_param.ca_cert_len = strlen(test_ca_cert);

tls_param.client_cert = NULL;

tls_param.client_cert_len = 0;

tls_param.client_key = NULL;

tls_param.client_key_len = 0;

tls_param.client_key_passwd = NULL;

tls_param.client_key_passwd_len = 0;

tls_param.psk = NULL;

tls_param.psk_len = 0;

tls_param.psk_id = NULL;

tls_param.debug_level = QTF_TLS_DEBUG_LEVEL_ERROR;

tls_param.tls_version = QTF_TLS_VERSION_TLS1_2;

tls_param.max_frag_len = QTF_TLS_MAX_FRAG_LEN_NO_USE;

tls_handle = qtf_tls_connect("httpbin.org", 443, &tls_param);

if(tls_handle)

{

shell_printf("tls connect success\r\n");

}

else

{

shell_printf("tls connect failed\r\n");

return;

}

ret = qtf_tls_send(tls_handle, request, strlen(request), 1000);

if(ret > 0)

{

shell_printf("tls send success\r\n");

}

else

{

shell_printf("tls send failed\r\n");

qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);

return;

}

ret = qtf_tls_recv(tls_handle, recv_buf, sizeof(recv_buf), 1000);

if(ret > 0)

{

shell_printf("tls recv success\r\n");

shell_printf("recv:%s\r\n", recv_buf);

}

else

{

shell_printf("tls recv failed\r\n");

}

qtf_tls_close(tls_handle);

}

测试日志：

[qt_idf_tls.c:250 qtf_tls_connect] Connecting to httpbin.org:443...
[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001d)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0017)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0018)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001e)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0019)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001a)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001b)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001c)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls.c]:[7384]: x509_verify_cert() returned -9984 (-0x2700)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls12_client.c]:[2762]: Perform PSA-based ECDH computation.

tls connect success
tls send success
tls recv success
recv:HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2023 12:02:04 GMT
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 220
Connection: close
Server: gunicorn/19.9.0
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{
  "args": {
    "a": "1"
  },
  "headers": {
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-64a1673a-5197ca4a2ff801443ac81bc6"
  },
  "origin": "223.73.211.183",
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?a=1"
}

[qt_idf_tls.c:250 qtf_tls_connect] Connecting to httpbin.org:443...

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001d)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0017)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0018)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001e)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(0019)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001a)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001b)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_client.c]:[258]: got supported group(001c)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls.c]:[7384]: x509_verify_cert() returned -9984 (-0x2700)

[mbedTLS]:[D:/workspace/QT/qt_idf/components/mbedtls/library/ssl_tls12_client.c]:[2762]: Perform PSA-based ECDH computation.

tls connect success

tls send success

tls recv success

recv:HTTP/1.1 200 OK

Date: Sun, 02 Jul 2023 12:02:04 GMT

Content-Type: application/json

Content-Length: 220

Connection: close

Server: gunicorn/19.9.0

Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *

Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true

{

"args": {

"a": "1"

"headers": {

"Host": "httpbin.org",

"X-Amzn-Trace-Id": "Root=1-64a1673a-5197ca4a2ff801443ac81bc6"

"origin": "223.73.211.183",

"url": "https://httpbin.org/get?a=1"

}

继续阅读mbedtls tls 客户端应用详解

Xcode 16 调整 Provisioning Profiles 目录导致证书查不到

cronet demo 使用的 ninja 打包，查找 Provisioning Profiles 路径是 ~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning Profiles，但 Xcode 16 把该路径改为了 ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/UserData/Provisioning Profiles，导致在编译 cronet 的 demo 时找不到证书。

解决办法是把 Xcode 16 的路径下的证书拷贝一份到老的路径 ~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning Profiles 即可。

参考链接

Xcode16 调整 Provisioning Profiles 目录导致证书查不到

Mac应用第三方渠道发布指南

1.申请证书

Mac 应用有多种证书，主要包含以下几种：

Apple Development: Xcode 11之后Apple全平台开发证书
Apple Distribution: Xcode 11之后Apple全平台发布
Mac Development：用来开发和Debug的证书
Mac App Distribution：用来给APP文件签名后上传到Mac App Store
Mac Installer Distribution：用来给PKG文件签名后上传到Mac App Store
Developer ID Installer：用于给PKG文件签名，在非Mac App Store场景使用
Developer ID Application：用于给APP文件签名，在非Mac App Store场景使用

继续阅读Mac应用第三方渠道发布指南

Flutter编写HTTPS服务器

从磁盘加载证书：

import 'dart:io';

void main() async {
  var chain =
      Platform.script.resolve('certificates/server_chain.pem').toFilePath();
  var key = Platform.script.resolve('certificates/server_key.pem').toFilePath();
  var context = SecurityContext()
    ..useCertificateChain(chain)
    ..usePrivateKey(key, password: 'dartdart');
  var server =
      await HttpServer.bindSecure(InternetAddress.anyIPv6, 443, context);
  await server.forEach((HttpRequest request) {
    request.response.write('Hello, world!');
    request.response.close();
  });
}

import 'dart:io';

void main() async {

var chain =

Platform.script.resolve('certificates/server_chain.pem').toFilePath();

var key = Platform.script.resolve('certificates/server_key.pem').toFilePath();

var context = SecurityContext()

..useCertificateChain(chain)

..usePrivateKey(key, password: 'dartdart');

var server =

await HttpServer.bindSecure(InternetAddress.anyIPv6, 443, context);

await server.forEach((HttpRequest request) {

request.response.write('Hello, world!');

request.response.close();

});

}

从内存加载证书：

import 'dart:io';

void main() async {
    /// 签名私钥，PEM格式，规范要求：除了开头结尾的 BEGIN / END，以及证书的最后一行外，每行 64个字符，且不能包含空格字符
    final String privateKey = '''
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
................................................................
-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
''';

  /// 签名公钥，规范要求：除了开头结尾的 BEGIN / END，以及证书的最后一行外，每行 64个字符，且不能包含空格字符
    final String publicKey = '''
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
................................................................
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
''';

    var context = SecurityContext()
      ..useCertificateChainBytes(publicKey.codeUnits)
      ..usePrivateKeyBytes(privateKey.codeUnits);
    var server = await HttpServer.bindSecure(
        InternetAddress.loopbackIPv6, 443, context);
    await server.forEach((HttpRequest request) {
      request.response.write('Hello, world!');
      request.response.close();
    });
}

import 'dart:io';

void main() async {

/// 签名私钥，PEM格式，规范要求：除了开头结尾的 BEGIN / END，以及证书的最后一行外，每行 64个字符，且不能包含空格字符

final String privateKey = '''

-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----

................................................................

-----END PRIVATE KEY-----

''';

/// 签名公钥，规范要求：除了开头结尾的 BEGIN / END，以及证书的最后一行外，每行 64个字符，且不能包含空格字符

final String publicKey = '''

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----

................................................................

-----END CERTIFICATE-----

''';

var context = SecurityContext()

..useCertificateChainBytes(publicKey.codeUnits)

..usePrivateKeyBytes(privateKey.codeUnits);

var server = await HttpServer.bindSecure(

InternetAddress.loopbackIPv6, 443, context);

await server.forEach((HttpRequest request) {

request.response.write('Hello, world!');

request.response.close();

});

}

参考链接

Java环境下 SslSocket 服务端及客户端简单例子

客户端代码如下:

import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class SslClient {
     private SSLSocket s;
     private DataOutputStream out;
     private DataInputStream in;
 
     public SslClient() throws IOException {
     }
 
     public void sendMessage(Socket s, String msg) {
         try { 
             out = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
             String jsonString = msg;
             out.write(jsonString.getBytes());
         } catch (IOException e) {
         }
 
     }
 
     public String receiveMessage(Socket s) {
         try {
             in = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
             BufferedReader socketIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));// 接受到
             String res = socketIn.readLine();
             if (res == null || res.equals("null")) {
                 res = "";
             }
             return res;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             return "";
         }
 
     }
 
     public String talk(String ip, int port, String trustStore, String trustStorePassword, int socketOutTime, String msg)
             throws Exception {
         try {
             int connectTimeout = socketOutTime * 1000;//设置超时时间
             System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", trustStore);// 设置可信任的密钥仓库
             System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", trustStorePassword); // 设置可信任的密钥仓库的密码
             SSLSocketFactory sslsf = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();// 利用工厂来创建SSLSocket安全套接字
             s = (SSLSocket) sslsf.createSocket();
             s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), connectTimeout);
             s.startHandshake();
 
             System.out.println("向服务器发送:" + msg);
             sendMessage(s, msg); 
             // 发字符串
             String result = receiveMessage(s);
             System.out.println("服务器返回:" + result);
             out.close();
             in.close();
             if (s != null) {
                 s.close();
             }
             return result;
 
         } catch (Exception e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
             out.close();
             in.close();
             if (s != null) {
                 s.close();
             }
             return "";
         }
 
     }
 
     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
         SslClient c = new SslClient();
         String responseMsg = c.talk("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", 8089, "D:\\xxxx\\shfqtruststore.jks", "123456", 5, "test\n");
         System.out.println(responseMsg);
 
     } 
}

import java.io.*;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class SslClient {

private SSLSocket s;

private DataOutputStream out;

private DataInputStream in;

public SslClient() throws IOException {

}

public void sendMessage(Socket s, String msg) {

try {

out = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());

String jsonString = msg;

out.write(jsonString.getBytes());

} catch (IOException e) {

}

public String receiveMessage(Socket s) {

try {

in = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());

BufferedReader socketIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));// 接受到

String res = socketIn.readLine();

if (res == null || res.equals("null")) {

res = "";

}

return res;

} catch (Exception e) {

return "";

}

public String talk(String ip, int port, String trustStore, String trustStorePassword, int socketOutTime, String msg)

throws Exception {

try {

int connectTimeout = socketOutTime * 1000;//设置超时时间

System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStore", trustStore);// 设置可信任的密钥仓库

System.setProperty("javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword", trustStorePassword); // 设置可信任的密钥仓库的密码

SSLSocketFactory sslsf = (SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault();// 利用工厂来创建SSLSocket安全套接字

s = (SSLSocket) sslsf.createSocket();

s.connect(new InetSocketAddress(ip, port), connectTimeout);

s.startHandshake();

System.out.println("向服务器发送:" + msg);

sendMessage(s, msg);

// 发字符串

String result = receiveMessage(s);

System.out.println("服务器返回:" + result);

out.close();

in.close();

if (s != null) {

s.close();

}

return result;

} catch (Exception e) {

e.printStackTrace();

out.close();

in.close();

if (s != null) {

s.close();

}

return "";

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

SslClient c = new SslClient();

String responseMsg = c.talk("xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx", 8089, "D:\\xxxx\\shfqtruststore.jks", "123456", 5, "test\n");

System.out.println(responseMsg);

}

继续阅读Java环境下 SslSocket 服务端及客户端简单例子

网页检测微信登录状态

现在很多网站、应用平台在登录的时候，都支持直接通过微信扫码登录。

最近我发现一个现象：以前需要扫二维码才能登录，而现在，如果你的电脑上已经运行了微信，它能直接检测到，然后点击一个按钮就可以实现登录了。

继续阅读网页检测微信登录状态

Flutter 的生命周期

概述

生命周期是一个 widget 组件加载到卸载的整个周期，熟悉生命周期可以让我们在合适的时机做该做的事情。

在 Flutter 开发中，everything is widget，但我们一般都不用直接继承 Widget 类来实现一个新组件，我们通常会通过继承 StatelessWidget 或 StatefulWidget 来间接继承 Widget 类来实现。StatelessWidget 和StatefulWidget 都是直接继承自 Widget 类，而这两个类也正是 Flutter 中非常重要的两个抽象类，它们引入了两种 Widget 模型。此文主要介绍这两种 widget 的生命周期。

StatelessWidget

StatelessWidget 是无状态的 Widget，一旦创建就不会发生变化，所以无法提供 setState 修改组件的状态，它内部属性应声明为 final，防止意外发生改变。所以 StatelessWidget 的生命周期只有一个，就是 build，build 是用来创建 Widget 的，但因为 build 在每次界面刷新的时候都会调用，所以不要在 build 里写业务逻辑，可以把业务逻辑写到你的 StatelessWidget 的构造函数里。其生命周期如下图：

继续阅读Flutter 的生命周期

Flutter手势冲突难题怎么破？几种解决方式大揭秘！

在 Flutter 应用开发中，手势处理是构建交互式界面的核心环节。然而当多个手势识别器或可滚动组件嵌套使用时，经常会出现手势冲突问题。

本文将深入探讨 Flutter 中解决手势冲突的各种方法，并分析其适用场景，帮助您掌握高效的手势管理策略。

1 手势冲突的根源

在理解如何解决手势冲突之前，我们需要先了解 Flutter 中手势系统的基本原理 :

Flutter 的手势识别基于 GestureRecognizer 竞争机制。当用户触发指针事件（PointerDown）时，多个手势识别器会进入 gesture arena 竞争，最终只有一个胜出。竞争的过程主要有两个阶段：

命中测试阶段（Hit Test Phase）：确定哪些 Widget 接收了手势事件。
手势识别阶段（Gesture Recognition Phase）：多个 Widget 可能会识别相同的手势，从而产生冲突。

开发过程中比较常见的手势冲突场景包括：

嵌套滚动组件（如 PageView 中的 ListView）
多层手势检测器（如 InkWell 内部的 GestureDetector）
父子组件都监听相同类型手势事件
多个手势识别器同时竞争同一区域

2 解决手势冲突的方式

针对不同的应用场景，Flutter 提供了不同的冲突的处理方式

2.1 HitTestBehavior (最轻量级)

通过控制 GestureDetector 的 behavior 参数控制手势事件如何在Widget 树中传递。常见的 behavior 值有：

HitTestBehavior.translucent : 自身和子组件都能接收事件
HitTestBehavior.opaque: 拦截所有事件（即使透明区域）
HitTestBehavior.deferToChild: 默认值，优先传给子组件

有兴趣的话，可以尝试改变内外两个 GestureDetector 的 behavior 的值来加深理解对这个处理方式的理解

GestureDetector(
  behavior: HitTestBehavior.translucent, // 允许手势穿透
  onTap: () => print('Outer tapped'),
  child: Container(
    width: 200,
    height: 200,
    color: Colors.blue,
    child: GestureDetector(
      behavior: HitTestBehavior.translucent,
      onTap: () => print('Inner tapped'),
      child: Container(
        width: 100,
        height: 100,
        color: Colors.red,
      ),
    ),
  ),
);

GestureDetector(

behavior: HitTestBehavior.translucent, // 允许手势穿透

onTap: () => print('Outer tapped'),

child: Container(

width: 200,

height: 200,

color: Colors.blue,

child: GestureDetector(

behavior: HitTestBehavior.translucent,

onTap: () => print('Inner tapped'),

child: Container(

width: 100,

height: 100,

color: Colors.red,

);

适用场景

父子组件都需要响应手势
需要控制手势事件的传递层次(通过 behavior )
简单按钮嵌套

2.2 AbsorbPointer/IgnorePointer组件

这两个组件在使用时，会完成拦截或忽略掉所有的手势：

IgnorePointer：使子 Widget 忽略所有手势事件，但仍会参与布局和绘制；
AbsorbPointer：拦截并消耗所有手势事件，子 Widget 无法接收手势，自身可以接收并处理事件。

适用场景：

临时禁用某个区域的手势
阻止下层 Widget 接收手势事件;
复杂UI中动态切换交互状态;

// 阻止事件继续传递
AbsorbPointer(
  child: GestureDetector(
    onTap: () => print('This will absorb all taps'),
    child: Container(color: Colors.red),
  ),
)

// 自身和子组件完全忽略事件
IgnorePointer(
  child: GestureDetector(
    onTap: () => print('This will never be called'),
    child: Container(color: Colors.green),
  ),
)

// 阻止事件继续传递

AbsorbPointer(

child: GestureDetector(

onTap: () => print('This will absorb all taps'),

child: Container(color: Colors.red),

)

// 自身和子组件完全忽略事件

IgnorePointer(

child: GestureDetector(

onTap: () => print('This will never be called'),

child: Container(color: Colors.green),

)

2.3 RawGestureDetector与手势竞技场

Flutter 的手势竞技场（ GestureArena ）机制允许自定义手势识别的竞争规则,通过使用底层的 RawGestureDetector 注册多个手势识别器,由手势竞技场决定胜出者，整个竞技的过程会经历

当指针按下时，所有识别器进入竞技场
通过 addPointer() 处理事件流
识别器声明是否"准备好"处理事件
竞技场选择获胜者（首个声明准备就绪的识别器）
胜出者接收后续事件，其他被拒绝

RawGestureDetector(
  gestures: {
    AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer: 
      GestureRecognizerFactoryWithHandlers<AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer>(
        () => AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer(),
        (instance) => instance..onTap = () => print('Tapped'),
      ),
    LongPressGestureRecognizer: 
      GestureRecognizerFactoryWithHandlers<LongPressGestureRecognizer>(
        () => LongPressGestureRecognizer(),
        (instance) => instance..onLongPress = () => print('Long Press'),
      ),
  },
  child: Container(color: Colors.amber),
)

RawGestureDetector(

gestures: {

AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer:

GestureRecognizerFactoryWithHandlers<AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer>(

() => AllowMultipleGestureRecognizer(),

(instance) => instance..onTap = () => print('Tapped'),

LongPressGestureRecognizer:

GestureRecognizerFactoryWithHandlers<LongPressGestureRecognizer>(

() => LongPressGestureRecognizer(),

(instance) => instance..onLongPress = () => print('Long Press'),

child: Container(color: Colors.amber),

)

适用场景

需要同时识别多种手势
复杂手势组合（缩放+旋转+平移）
自定义手势识别逻辑

2.4 Listener组件处理原始指针事件

直接通过 Listener 去处理最原始的指针事件，自由控制：

Listener(
  onPointerDown: (event) {
    print('Pointer down at ${event.position}');
    // 可阻止事件传播
    // event.stopPropagation();
  },
  onPointerMove: (event) => print('Pointer move'),
  onPointerUp: (event) => print('Pointer up'),
  // 还有其他的指针事件
  child: Container(color: Colors.purple),

)
   // 里面的指针事件，可按需使用
  // const Listener({
  // super.key,
  // this.onPointerDown,
  // this.onPointerMove,
  // this.onPointerUp,
  // this.onPointerHover,
  // this.onPointerCancel,
  // this.onPointerPanZoomStart,
  // this.onPointerPanZoomUpdate,
  // this.onPointerPanZoomEnd,
  // this.onPointerSignal,
  // this.behavior = HitTestBehavior.deferToChild,
  // super.child,

Listener(

onPointerDown: (event) {

print('Pointer down at ${event.position}');

// 可阻止事件传播

// event.stopPropagation();

onPointerMove: (event) => print('Pointer move'),

onPointerUp: (event) => print('Pointer up'),

// 还有其他的指针事件

child: Container(color: Colors.purple),

)

// 里面的指针事件，可按需使用

// const Listener({

// super.key,

// this.onPointerDown,

// this.onPointerMove,

// this.onPointerUp,

// this.onPointerHover,

// this.onPointerCancel,

// this.onPointerPanZoomStart,

// this.onPointerPanZoomUpdate,

// this.onPointerPanZoomEnd,

// this.onPointerSignal,

// this.behavior = HitTestBehavior.deferToChild,

// super.child,

适用场景

需要底层事件控制的场景
高度定制化的交互需求
性能关键型的手势处理

2.5 自定义 ScrollPhysics

通过继承 ScrollPhysics 类，可以自定义滚动行为，控制滚动事件的传递和处理。

class CustomScrollPhysics extends ScrollPhysics {
  const CustomScrollPhysics({super.parent});

  @override
  CustomScrollPhysics applyTo(ScrollPhysics? ancestor) {
    return CustomScrollPhysics(parent: buildParent(ancestor));
  }

   @override
  bool shouldAcceptUserOffset(ScrollMetrics position) {
    // 自定义逻辑：决定是否接受用户滚动
    return super.shouldAcceptUserOffset(position);
  }

  @override
  Simulation? createBallisticSimulation(ScrollMetrics position, double velocity) {
    if (velocity == 0.0 || position.minScrollExtent == position.maxScrollExtent) {
      return null;
    }

    final spring = SpringDescription.withDampingRatio(
      mass: 1.0,
      stiffness: 200.0,
      ratio: 1.0,
    );

    // 判断是否滚动到最底下了 
    if (velocity > 0 && position.pixels >= position.maxScrollExtent) {
      return ScrollSpringSimulation(
        spring: spring,
        start: position.pixels,
        end: position.maxScrollExtent + 100,
        velocity: velocity,
        tolerance: Tolerance.defaultTolerance,
      );
      // 判断是否滚动到最顶了
    } else if (velocity < 0 && position.pixels <= position.minScrollExtent) {
      return ScrollSpringSimulation(
        spring: spring,
        start: position.pixels,
        end: position.minScrollExtent - 100,
        velocity: velocity,
        tolerance: Tolerance.defaultTolerance,
      );
    }

    return super.createBallisticSimulation(position, velocity);
  }
}

// 使用自定义 ScrollPhysics
ListView(
  physics: CustomScrollPhysics(),
  children: [...],
);

class CustomScrollPhysics extends ScrollPhysics {

const CustomScrollPhysics({super.parent});

@override

CustomScrollPhysics applyTo(ScrollPhysics? ancestor) {

return CustomScrollPhysics(parent: buildParent(ancestor));

}

@override

bool shouldAcceptUserOffset(ScrollMetrics position) {

// 自定义逻辑：决定是否接受用户滚动

return super.shouldAcceptUserOffset(position);

}

@override

Simulation? createBallisticSimulation(ScrollMetrics position, double velocity) {

if (velocity == 0.0 || position.minScrollExtent == position.maxScrollExtent) {

return null;

}

final spring = SpringDescription.withDampingRatio(

mass: 1.0,

stiffness: 200.0,

ratio: 1.0,

);

// 判断是否滚动到最底下了

if (velocity > 0 && position.pixels >= position.maxScrollExtent) {

return ScrollSpringSimulation(

spring: spring,

start: position.pixels,

end: position.maxScrollExtent + 100,

velocity: velocity,

tolerance: Tolerance.defaultTolerance,

);

// 判断是否滚动到最顶了

} else if (velocity < 0 && position.pixels <= position.minScrollExtent) {

return ScrollSpringSimulation(

spring: spring,

start: position.pixels,

end: position.minScrollExtent - 100,

velocity: velocity,

tolerance: Tolerance.defaultTolerance,

);

}

return super.createBallisticSimulation(position, velocity);

}

// 使用自定义 ScrollPhysics

ListView(

physics: CustomScrollPhysics(),

children: [...],

);

适用场景

嵌套滚动组件（如 PageView 与 ListView 的冲突）
需要精确控制滚动阈值和边界条件

2.6 使用 NotificationListener

通过监听滚动通知（如 ScrollNotification），可以在父组件中捕获并处理滚动事件，从而控制子组件的行为。

NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(
  onNotification: (notification) {
    if (notification is ScrollStartNotification) {
      print('Scroll started');
    } else if (notification is ScrollEndNotification) {
      print('Scroll ended');
    }
    // 返回 true 会拦截通知，阻止传递给子组件
    return false; 
  },
  child: ListView(
    children: [...],
  ),
);

NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(

onNotification: (notification) {

if (notification is ScrollStartNotification) {

print('Scroll started');

} else if (notification is ScrollEndNotification) {

print('Scroll ended');

}

// 返回 true 会拦截通知，阻止传递给子组件

return false;

child: ListView(

children: [...],

);

适用场景

监听滚动状态并作出响应
协调多层级滚动组件的行为

3 手势冲突的例子

项目的某一个场景中，会有一个 PageView 里面嵌套 ScrollView 的场景，而且这两个的滚动方向是一致的（都是竖向的滚动）。

这种情况下要怎样保证当 ScrollView 滑动到最底（最顶）时，能触发 PageView的 翻页呢？结合前面的介绍的处理手势冲突的几种方式，大家会选择哪个呢？

最开始笔者是选择了自定义 ScrollPhysics 的方式来尝试处理的，但发现最终也只能有一个组件能滚动（中间尝试不同解决方案的痛苦就一一细说了），这里最终是通过NotificationListener 来协调这两者的滚动的。(这个方案不一定是最好的)

PageView.builder(
  itemCount: dataLength,
  controller: _pageController,
  scrollDirection: Axis.vertical,
  onPageChanged: (int index) {
     _curPageIndex.value = index;
  },
  itemBuilder: (BuildContext context, int index) {
    return NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(
       onNotification: (ScrollNotification scroll) {
         // 通过判断
         if (scroll is ScrollEndNotification) {
           final pixels = scroll.metrics.pixels;
           final maxScroll = scroll.metrics.maxScrollExtent;

           if (pixels == maxScroll) {
             // 滚动到底部，触发翻页
             _pageController.nextPage(
               duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
               curve: Curves.easeInOut,
             );
           } else if (pixels == 0.0) {
              // 滚动到顶部，触发上一页
              _pageController.previousPage(
                duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
                curve: Curves.easeInOut,
              );
            }
          }
          return false;
        },
        child: SingleChildScrollView(child:Column(....))
    );
}

PageView.builder(

itemCount: dataLength,

controller: _pageController,

scrollDirection: Axis.vertical,

onPageChanged: (int index) {

_curPageIndex.value = index;

itemBuilder: (BuildContext context, int index) {

return NotificationListener<ScrollNotification>(

onNotification: (ScrollNotification scroll) {

// 通过判断

if (scroll is ScrollEndNotification) {

final pixels = scroll.metrics.pixels;

final maxScroll = scroll.metrics.maxScrollExtent;

if (pixels == maxScroll) {

// 滚动到底部，触发翻页

_pageController.nextPage(

duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),

curve: Curves.easeInOut,

);

} else if (pixels == 0.0) {

// 滚动到顶部，触发上一页

_pageController.previousPage(

duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),

curve: Curves.easeInOut,

);

}

return false;

child: SingleChildScrollView(child:Column(....))

);

}

4 总结

本文主要介绍了 Flutter 中手势冲突几种解决方案，从简单高效的 AbsorbPointer 到底层强大的 Listener，可以应对不同复杂度的交互场景。

可以根据不同的业务场景选择不同的解决方案，这里给几点在选择解决方案时可参考的点：

准确识别冲突来源和类型
评估交互的复杂程度
考虑性能和维护成本

参考链接

Flutter手势冲突难题怎么破？几种解决方式大揭秘！

2025 年 12 月
一	二	三	四	五	六	日
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
8	9	10	11	12	13	14
15	16	17	18	19	20	21
22	23	24	25	26	27	28
29	30	31