最近在调整代码的时候，出现如下问题：
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Cause: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes; UNEXPECTED TOP-LEVEL EXCEPTION: com.android.dex.DexException: Multiple dex files define Landroid/support/annotation/AnimRes; at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.readSortableTypes(DexMerger.java:579) at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.getSortedTypes(DexMerger.java:535) at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeClassDefs(DexMerger.java:517) at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.mergeDexes(DexMerger.java:164) at com.android.dx.merge.DexMerger.merge(DexMerger.java:188) at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.mergeLibraryDexBuffers(Main.java:504) at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.runMonoDex(Main.java:334) at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.run(Main.java:277) at com.android.dx.command.dexer.Main.main(Main.java:245) at com.android.dx.command.Main.main(Main.java:106) |
网上查询了一下，找到如下的解决方法：
我们常常用gradle.build文件导入依赖库，但是有时候库依赖会发生版本冲突或多个模块依赖同一个库的情况。
这就引出两个问题，如下：
- 版本冲突时，
Gradle会下载多个版本的依赖库吗？ - 当多个模块依赖同一个库时，每个模块都会去下载该依赖库吗？
为解决这疑问，接下来我们在Android Studio用Gradle举个例子：
gradle.build依赖部分的配置：
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dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1' compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1') compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3' androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') } |
在文件目录下或Android Studio的Terminal下敲gradlew -q app:dependencies 命令，便有以下输出：
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_debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3 | \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) _debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3 | \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) _debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data. \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128 androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks. \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128 +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1 +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128 | +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*) | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1 \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128 androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes. No dependencies androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources. +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- com.android.support.test:rules:0.3 | \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 \--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 (*) androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources. No dependencies androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'. No dependencies apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes. No dependencies archives - Configuration for archive artifacts. No dependencies compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources. +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 |
可以看出:com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 这个模块原本是依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，但由于你又在gradle.build中加了这行androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' 故gradle就会下载com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本，而不会去下载com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.0版本，因此com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 就会被强转变依赖于com.android.support:support-annotations22.2.1版本
第二个问题，我还是利用上面gradle命令行打出的信息来看看：
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debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 | +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 (*) | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 (*) \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 |
仔细看上面的依赖，com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 和com.android.support:design:22.2.1，有共同依赖一个com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1库，且com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖于com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1，但从打印出的信息可以看出com.android.support:design:22.2.1 依赖两个库的信息被打了星号标记，这标记意思是忽略这两个依赖的意思，也就是说不去下载这两个库。
从上面的两个例子来看，gradle对于需要多个版本的依赖库来说，一般只会下载你配置导入那个版本，如果没有手动导入，那就会下载所有模块依赖的最新版本那个库，面对多个模块依赖同一个库，每个模块不都会去下载该依赖库，而是下载一个该依赖库，共享给多个模块。
修改配置文件为：
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dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1' compile ('com.android.support:design:22.2.1') { exclude group: 'com.android.support' } compile 'com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1' androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:runner:0.3' androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2') { exclude group:'com.android.support.test' } } |
打印信息：
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$ gradlew -q app:dependencies ------------------------------------------------------------ Project :app ------------------------------------------------------------ _debugAndroidTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 _debugAndroidTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 _debugApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _debugCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _debugUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _debugUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _releaseCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## +--- com.android.support:multidex:1.0.1 +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 _releaseUnitTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies _releaseUnitTestCompile - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ## No dependencies androidJacocoAgent - The Jacoco agent to use to get coverage data. \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128 androidJacocoAnt - The Jacoco ant tasks to use to get execute Gradle tasks. \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.ant:0.7.4.201502262128 +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1 +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.report:0.7.4.201502262128 | +--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.core:0.7.4.201502262128 (*) | \--- org.ow2.asm:asm-debug-all:5.0.1 \--- org.jacoco:org.jacoco.agent:0.7.4.201502262128 androidTestApk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'androidTest' classes. No dependencies androidTestCompile - Classpath for compiling the androidTest sources. +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support.test:runner:0.3 | +--- com.android.support.test:exposed-instrumentation-api-publish:0.3 | +--- junit:junit:4.12 | | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.0 -> 22.2.1 \--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.2 +--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:2.2 +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1 +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.3 +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.3 | \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3 (*) +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1 \--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2 androidTestProvided - Classpath for only compiling the androidTest sources. No dependencies androidTestWearApp - Link to a wear app to embed for object 'androidTest'. No dependencies apk - Classpath packaged with the compiled 'main' classes. No dependencies archives - Configuration for archive artifacts. No dependencies compile - Classpath for compiling the main sources. +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-v4:22.2.1 | \--- com.android.support:support-annotations:22.2.1 +--- com.android.support:design:22.2.1 \--- com.shamanland:fonticon:0.1.8 |
比较上面两种配置compile信息部分，后面一种配置的 com.android.support:design:22.2.1 就没有输出两个打星号的依赖库信息了。
因此遇到这两种情况是，是gradle能自动帮我们解决掉了这两种情况，对于如何使用gralde命令行查看库依赖(depends)请看官方文档
现在是gradle -q app:dependencies
两者都可用，新建的工程都会生成gradlew.bat跟gradlew这两个文件的，如果是从Eclipse中转换过来的，可能没有这两个文件。本质上这两个文件还是调用了gradle -q app:dependencies
如果一个modle中是通过jar导入的，是不是所有的都不去下载了，就用那个jar包了
如果jar是放到libs目录下面的话，会导致这个jar被编译进项目，如果其他module也使用不同版本的jar包，那么会导致出现两份，最终会编译失败！如果是通过maven引入，Android Studio会自动使用更高版本的jar包。
因此，一般建议都是使用maven来配置。