深海游弋的鱼 – 第 49 页 – 智障儿童欢乐多

安卓抓包测试-之tPacketcapture

一. tPacketcapture工具

1.什么是Packetcapture？

tPacketCapture数据包捕获，而无需使用任何root权限，原理是构建了一个本地VPN服务，引导网络请求流经VPN服务，从而实现抓包。 tPacketCapture使用了Android OS VpnService提供。捕获的数据保存在外部存储为PCAP文件格式。

2.操作步骤

1）安装tPacketCapture.apk

2）打开该APP，点击"Capture"按钮

3）触发需要抓包的操作

4）用以下命令，adb pull /mnt/shell/emulated/0/Android/data/jp.co.taosoftware.android.packetcapture/files/，把文件拷贝出来了

5）.pcap会保存在adb的相同路径下

6）将.pcap取出后，用wireshark打开就能看到了相关信息

参考链接

Java Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS协议发送POST/GET请求

JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

哇,一看标题怎么这么长啊,其实意思很简单,哥讨厌用HTTP Client做POST与GET提交觉得那个毕竟是别人写得API库,所以我就自己实现了一个简单的HTTP客户端,支持POST方式提交数据,GET方式查询数据,是测试Restful API比较方便点,然后支持form与JSON两种方式提交数据,当然也支持返回数据为JSON格式.当然这些东西都是基于JAVA Socket直接完成的,不借助任何第三方的库,主要是JDK的API其实已经够用啦. 当然我也没有用URLConnect这个东西,毕竟它在Socket基础上又包装了一下,有违我写这篇文章的目的.

好啦,讲完理由,下面就说说要怎么样才能实现啊,光说不练假把式啊!大致分了几个步骤

一:当然是要知道HTTP协议,知道常用的HTTP请求头,比如Host, Accept, Content-Type 知道HTTP协议支持的方法,常用有GET/POST/PUT/DELETE等如果不知道,也不用担心,我保证你读完这篇文章,你就知道一些啦,当然有个最好的参考文档就是HTTP相关的RFC文档,认真读一下肯定解决你自己心中的HTTP那些疑惑

二: 知道发送HTTP GET与POST格式很重要, 固定的格式如下:

[REQUEST]<SP><URL><SP>[HTTP VERSION]<CLRF>
 [REQUEST HEADER: ]<SP>[VALUE]<CLRF>
 可以有多个请求头
 最后<CLRF>
 发送完HTTP请求头部以后, 针对不同请求如POST要发送内容部分,发送完成以后同样，以<CLRF>结尾.
 解释: <SP>表示空格, <CLRF>表示回车换行JAVA中表示为”\r\n”REQUEST表示HTTP请求命令,可以为POST, GET, PUT, DELETE等之一，HTTP VERSION的常见可能值为HTTP/1.1或者HTTP/1.0

三: 如果1与2的知识你都具备了,下面就来介绍一下JAVA Socket的相关知识，如何创建一个JAVA客户端套接字Socket s = new Socket()如此即可,简单吧!如何连接到远程的主机与端口, 当提供URL字符串时候,可以这么做

URL url = new URL(“http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003”);

String host = url.getHost;

int port = url.getDefaultPort();

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

s.connect(dest);

URL url = new URL(“http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003”);

String host = url.getHost;

int port = url.getDefaultPort();

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

s.connect(dest);

即可连接到远程主机,下面就可以请求文章内容了, 也很容易的

String path = "/jia20003/article/details/16908661";
SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);
socket.connect(dest);
OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);
bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");
bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");
bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");
bufferedWriter.flush();

String path = "/jia20003/article/details/16908661";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

最后也是最重要的一点,字符编码,尽量都用同一种字符编码来发送请求数据,推荐使用utf-8测试程序, 我写两个简单的PHP文件放在wamp server上,完成对全部代码的测试。

四:关于HTTP与HTTPS

HTTP协议是位于第四层协议TCP之上完成的应用层协议, 端到端都是明文传送,别人一旦网络抓包以后都可以看到你的提交与请求数据,这个好像不太安全. HTTP协议的默认端口是80这个是RFC文档声明的,属于官方标准,没什么道理可以讲.HTTPS是基于SSL加密传输的,这样别人截获你的数据包破解的概率要小一点,比HTTP安全一点,其默认端口是443, 好像QQ邮箱与谷歌的WEB Mail邮箱都是基于HTTPS. 但是HTTPS通信方式只是传输数据加密,都客户端来说是透明的,它还是一样要遵守HTTP协议规范来发送POST与GET请求等.完整的测试程序如下:

http协议实现：

package com.gloomyfish.http.client;  
  
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;  
import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.BufferedWriter;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;  
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;  
import java.net.Socket;  
import java.net.SocketAddress;  
import java.net.URLEncoder;  
  
public class TestDemo {  
    private int port;  
    private String host;  
    private Socket socket;  
    private BufferedReader bufferedReader;  
    private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;  
    public TestDemo(String host, int port) {  
        socket = new Socket();  
        this.host = host;  
        this.port = port;  
    }  
      
    public void sendGet() throws IOException {  
        String path = "/zhigang/getDemo.php";  
        SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);  
        socket.connect(dest);  
        OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());  
        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  
          
        bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.flush();  
          
        BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
        String line = null;  
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {  
            System.out.println(line);  
        }  
        bufferedReader.close();  
        bufferedWriter.close();  
        socket.close();  
    }  
      
    public void sendPost() throws IOException {  
        String path = "/zhigang/postDemo.php";  
        String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("gloomyfish", "utf-8") + "&" +  
                        URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");  
        // String data = "name=zhigang_jia";  
        SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);  
        socket.connect(dest);  
        OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");  
        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  
          
        bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write(data);  
          
        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.flush();  
          
        BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
        String line = null;  
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {  
            System.out.println(line);  
        }  
        bufferedReader.close();  
        bufferedWriter.close();  
        socket.close();  
    }  
      
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        TestDemo td = new TestDemo("127.0.0.1",8099);  
        try {  
            // td.sendGet(); //send HTTP GET Request  
              
            td.sendPost(); // send HTTP POST Request  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }

package com.gloomyfish.http.client;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.net.SocketAddress;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class TestDemo {

private int port;

private String host;

private Socket socket;

private BufferedReader bufferedReader;

private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;

public TestDemo(String host, int port) {

socket = new Socket();

this.host = host;

this.port = port;

}

public void sendGet() throws IOException {

String path = "/zhigang/getDemo.php";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public void sendPost() throws IOException {

String path = "/zhigang/postDemo.php";

String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("gloomyfish", "utf-8") + "&" +

URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");

// String data = "name=zhigang_jia";

SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

socket.connect(dest);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write(data);

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null) {

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

TestDemo td = new TestDemo("127.0.0.1",8099);

try {

// td.sendGet(); //send HTTP GET Request

td.sendPost(); // send HTTP POST Request

} catch (IOException e) {

// TODO Auto-generated catch block

e.printStackTrace();

}

想要成为支持HTTPS客户端, 只要在创建Socket的时候如下:

socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, port);

1	socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, port);

https协议实现：

package zmx.socket.http;
 
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
 
public class SocketForHttpTest {
	
	private int port;
	private String host;
	private Socket socket;
	private BufferedReader bufferedReader;
	private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;
	
	public SocketForHttpTest(String host,int port) throws Exception {
		
		this.host = host;
		this.port = port;
		
		/**
		 * http协议
		 */
		//socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port);
 
		/**
		 * https协议
		 */
		socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, this.port);
		
		
	}
	
	public void sendGet() throws IOException {
		//String requestUrlPath = "/z69183787/article/details/17580325";
		String requestUrlPath = "/";		
		
        OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());  
        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);            
        bufferedWriter.write("GET " + requestUrlPath + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
        bufferedWriter.flush();  
        
        BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
        String line = null;  
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){  
            System.out.println(line);  
        }  
        bufferedReader.close();  
        bufferedWriter.close();  
        socket.close();
		
	}
	
	
	public void sendPost() throws IOException {  
	        String path = "/";  
	        String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8") + "&" +  
                        URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");  
	        // String data = "name=zhigang_jia";  
	        System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"+data);	        
	        OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");  
	        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  	          
	        bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.write(data);  
	          
	        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
	        bufferedWriter.flush();  
	          
	        BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
	        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
	        String line = null;  
            while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)  
	        {  
	            System.out.println(line);  
	        }  
	        bufferedReader.close();  
	        bufferedWriter.close();  
	        socket.close();  
    }  
 
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		/**
		 * http协议测试
		 */
		//SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 80);
		/**
		 * https协议测试
		 */
		SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 443);
		try {
			//forHttpTest.sendGet();
			forHttpTest.sendPost();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
 
}

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package zmx.socket.http;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.BufferedWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;

import java.net.Socket;

import java.net.URLEncoder;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;

public class SocketForHttpTest {

private int port;

private String host;

private Socket socket;

private BufferedReader bufferedReader;

private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;

public SocketForHttpTest(String host,int port) throws Exception {

this.host = host;

this.port = port;

/**

* http协议

//socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port);

/**

* https协议

socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, this.port);

}

public void sendGet() throws IOException {

//String requestUrlPath = "/z69183787/article/details/17580325";

String requestUrlPath = "/";

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("GET " + requestUrlPath + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public void sendPost() throws IOException {

String path = "/";

String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8") + "&" +

URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");

// String data = "name=zhigang_jia";

System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"+data);

OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");

bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);

bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.write(data);

bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");

bufferedWriter.flush();

BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());

bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));

String line = null;

while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)

{

System.out.println(line);

}

bufferedReader.close();

bufferedWriter.close();

socket.close();

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

/**

* http协议测试

//SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 80);

/**

* https协议测试

SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 443);

try {

//forHttpTest.sendGet();

forHttpTest.sendPost();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

所以有时候离开apache的HTTP Client等第三方Jar,程序员也是一样活!

参考链接

Java Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS协议发送POST/GET请求

Guava Cache用法

背景

缓存的主要作用是暂时在内存中保存业务系统的数据处理结果，并且等待下次访问使用。在日长开发有很多场合，有一些数据量不是很大，不会经常改动，并且访问非常频繁。但是由于受限于硬盘IO的性能或者远程网络等原因获取可能非常的费时。会导致我们的程序非常缓慢，这在某些业务上是不能忍的！而缓存正是解决这类问题的神器！

继续阅读Guava Cache用法

ubuntu 20.04配置samba

$ sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module

$ sudo apt install avahi-daemon

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge samba

$ sudo apt-get install samba

$ sudo apt-get install libcanberra-gtk-module

$ sudo apt install avahi-daemon

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge samba

$ sudo apt-get install samba

编辑配置文件

$ sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

1	$ sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

文件尾部增加

[Movie]
   comment = Movie
   path = /mnt/data/Movie/ # 需要共享的目录位置
   browseable = yes # 是否可见
   read only = yes # 是否只读
   guest ok = yes # 登陆用户是否可访问
   valid users = user # 可访问的用户

[Movie]

comment = Movie

path = /mnt/data/Movie/ # 需要共享的目录位置

browseable = yes # 是否可见

read only = yes # 是否只读

guest ok = yes # 登陆用户是否可访问

valid users = user # 可访问的用户

重启服务

$ sudo service smbd restart

1	$ sudo service smbd restart

参考链接

聊聊如何从SVN迁移源码到Git仓库

背景介绍

这里就不再赘述关于SVN与Git的区别以及为什么要迁移源码到Git了，毕竟Git是当前的主流DVCS了，而且已经公认地非常好用，如果你还在使用SVN的话该考虑换了，是时候迁移那些遗留代码了，有兴趣可以参阅 Why Git 和 Perforce to Git 了解更多。

通常来说，在项目开发过程中，难免会遇到一些老项目代码正被SVN管理着，但基于当下诸多原因，或是扩展开发，或是战略转移，或是为了更好地开发体验，需要将这些在维护的遗留项目源码迁移为Git管理。

那如何有效地迁移源码？并且如何保留提交记录、分支记录以及开发成员等信息呢？笔者前一段时间就经历了这样的迁移工作，还是有必要分享一下，也算是一种总结了。

继续阅读聊聊如何从SVN迁移源码到Git仓库

解决okHttp不能自动缓存header cookies里的sessionid

由于app要实现登录缓存功能,但惊讶的发现不经过设置okHttp是不会自动管理header的.

官网的文档也是醉了,找了半天没看懂怎么搞.

其实实现自动管理cookie很简单很简单,在OkHttp的builder中加上个.cookiejar()就能实现自动缓存,代码如下:

        OkHttpClient.Builder b = new OkHttpClient.Builder();
        b.cookieJar(new CookieJar() {
            //这里一定一定一定是HashMap<String, List<Cookie>>,是String,不是url.
            private final HashMap<String, List<Cookie>> cookieStore = new HashMap<>();

            @Override
            public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {
                cookieStore.put(url.host(), cookies);
            }

            @Override
            public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {
                List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url.host());
                return cookies != null ? cookies : new ArrayList<Cookie>();
            }
        });

OkHttpClient.Builder b = new OkHttpClient.Builder();

b.cookieJar(new CookieJar() {

//这里一定一定一定是HashMap<String, List<Cookie>>,是String,不是url.

private final HashMap<String, List<Cookie>> cookieStore = new HashMap<>();

@Override

public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List<Cookie> cookies) {

cookieStore.put(url.host(), cookies);

}

@Override

public List<Cookie> loadForRequest(HttpUrl url) {

List<Cookie> cookies = cookieStore.get(url.host());

return cookies != null ? cookies : new ArrayList<Cookie>();

}

});

!!!!!注意注意注意!!!!!!

HashMap的key是String!!!!直接传进去url,是没有效果的!!!!!

参考链接

解决OKHttp不能自动缓存header cookies 里的 sessionid

Android获取设备DNS服务器列表

import android.annotation.TargetApi;
import android.content.Context;
import android.net.ConnectivityManager;
import android.net.LinkProperties;
import android.net.Network;
import android.net.NetworkInfo;
import android.net.RouteInfo;
import android.os.Build;
import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.LineNumberReader;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * DNS servers detector
 * <p>
 * IMPORTANT: don't cache the result.
 * <p>
 * Or if you want to cache the result make sure you invalidate the cache
 * on any network change.
 * <p>
 * It is always better to use a new instance of the detector when you need
 * current DNS servers otherwise you may get into troubles because of invalid/changed
 * DNS servers.
 * <p>
 * This class combines various methods and solutions from:
 * Dnsjava http://www.xbill.org/dnsjava/
 * Minidns https://github.com/MiniDNS/minidns
 * <p>
 * Unfortunately both libraries are not aware of Orero changes so new method was added to fix this.
 * <p>
 * Created by Madalin Grigore-Enescu on 2/24/18.
 */

public class DnsServersDetector {

    private static final String TAG = "DnsServersDetector";

    /**
     * Holds some default DNS servers used in case all DNS servers detection methods fail.
     * Can be set to null if you want caller to fail in this situation.
     */
    private static final String[] FACTORY_DNS_SERVERS = {
            "8.8.8.8",
            "8.8.4.4"
    };

    /**
     * Properties delimiter used in exec method of DNS servers detection
     */
    private static final String METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM = "]: [";

    /**
     * Holds context this was created under
     */
    private Context context;

    //region - public //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Constructor
     */
    public DnsServersDetector(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    /**
     * Returns android DNS servers used for current connected network
     *
     * @return Dns servers array
     */
    public String[] getServers() {
        // METHOD 1: old deprecated system properties
        String[] result = getServersMethodSystemProperties();
        if (result != null && result.length > 0) {
            return result;
        }
        // METHOD 2 - use connectivity manager
        result = getServersMethodConnectivityManager();
        if (result != null && result.length > 0) {
            return result;
        }
        // LAST METHOD: detect android DNS servers by executing getprop string command in a separate process
        // This method fortunately works in Oreo too but many people may want to avoid exec
        // so it's used only as a failsafe scenario
        result = getServersMethodExec();
        if (result != null && result.length > 0) {
            return result;
        }
        // Fall back on factory DNS servers
        return FACTORY_DNS_SERVERS;
    }

    //endregion

    //region - private /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

    /**
     * Detect android DNS servers by using connectivity manager
     * <p>
     * This method is working in android LOLLIPOP or later
     *
     * @return Dns servers array
     */
    private String[] getServersMethodConnectivityManager() {

        // This code only works on LOLLIPOP and higher
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
            try {
                final ArrayList<String> priorityServersArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
                final ArrayList<String> serversArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
                final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(android.content.Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
                if (connectivityManager != null) {
                    // Iterate all networks
                    // Notice that android LOLLIPOP or higher allow iterating multiple connected networks of SAME type
                    for (Network network : connectivityManager.getAllNetworks()) {
                        final NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(network);
                        if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {
                            final LinkProperties linkProperties = connectivityManager.getLinkProperties(network);
                            final List<InetAddress> dnsServersList = linkProperties.getDnsServers();
                            // Prioritize the DNS servers for link which have a default route
                            if (linkPropertiesHasDefaultRoute(linkProperties)) {
                                for (InetAddress element : dnsServersList) {
                                    final String dnsHost = element.getHostAddress();
                                    priorityServersArrayList.add(dnsHost);
                                }
                            } else {
                                for (InetAddress element : dnsServersList) {
                                    final String dnsHost = element.getHostAddress();
                                    serversArrayList.add(dnsHost);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }

                // Append secondary arrays only if priority is empty
                if (priorityServersArrayList.isEmpty()) {
                    priorityServersArrayList.addAll(serversArrayList);
                }

                // Stop here if we have at least one DNS server
                if (priorityServersArrayList.size() > 0) {
                    return priorityServersArrayList.toArray(new String[0]);
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Exception detecting DNS servers using ConnectivityManager method", ex);
            }
        }
        // Failure
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Detect android DNS servers by using old deprecated system properties
     * <p>
     * This method is NOT working anymore in Android 8.0
     * Official Android documentation state this in the article Android 8.0 Behavior Changes.
     * The system properties net.dns1, net.dns2, net.dns3, and net.dns4 are no longer available,
     * a change that improves privacy on the platform.
     * <p>
     * https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0-changes.html#o-pri
     *
     * @return Dns servers array
     */
    private String[] getServersMethodSystemProperties() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
            // This originally looked for all lines containing .dns; but
            // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2207#c73
            // indicates that net.dns* should always be the active nameservers, so
            // we use those.
            final String re1 = "^\\d+(\\.\\d+){3}$";
            final String re2 = "^[0-9a-f]+(:[0-9a-f]*)+:[0-9a-f]+$";
            ArrayList<String> serversArrayList = new ArrayList<>();
            try {
                Class<?> SystemProperties = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");
                Method method = SystemProperties.getMethod("get", new Class[]{String.class});
                final String[] netdns = new String[]{"net.dns1", "net.dns2", "net.dns3", "net.dns4"};
                for (String netdn : netdns) {
                    Object[] args = new Object[]{netdn};
                    String v = (String) method.invoke(null, args);
                    if (v != null && (v.matches(re1) || v.matches(re2)) && !serversArrayList.contains(v)) {
                        serversArrayList.add(v);
                    }
                }

                // Stop here if we have at least one DNS server
                if (serversArrayList.size() > 0) {
                    return serversArrayList.toArray(new String[0]);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Exception detecting DNS servers using SystemProperties method", e);
            }
        }
        // Failed
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Detect android DNS servers by executing getprop string command in a separate process
     * <p>
     * Notice there is an android bug when Runtime.exec() hangs without providing a Process object.
     * This problem is fixed in Jelly Bean (Android 4.1) but not in ICS (4.0.4) and probably it will never be fixed in ICS.
     * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8688382/runtime-exec-bug-hangs-without-providing-a-process-object/11362081
     *
     * @return Dns servers array
     */
    private String[] getServersMethodExec() {
        // We are on the safe side and avoid any bug
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {
            try {
                Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("getprop");
                InputStream inputStream = process.getInputStream();
                LineNumberReader lineNumberReader = new LineNumberReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
                Set<String> serversSet = methodExecParseProps(lineNumberReader);
                if (serversSet != null && serversSet.size() > 0) {
                    return serversSet.toArray(new String[0]);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Exception in getServersMethodExec", e);
            }
        }
        // Failed
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Parse properties produced by executing getprop command
     *
     * @param lineNumberReader lineNumberReader
     * @return Set of parsed properties
     * @throws Exception Exception
     */
    private Set<String> methodExecParseProps(BufferedReader lineNumberReader) throws Exception {
        String line;
        Set<String> serversSet = new HashSet<String>(10);
        while ((line = lineNumberReader.readLine()) != null) {
            int split = line.indexOf(METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM);
            if (split == -1) {
                continue;
            }
            String property = line.substring(1, split);

            int valueStart = split + METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM.length();
            int valueEnd = line.length() - 1;
            if (valueEnd < valueStart) {
                // This can happen if a newline sneaks in as the first character of the property value. For example
                // "[propName]: [\n…]".
                Log.d(TAG, "Malformed property detected: \"" + line + '"');
                continue;
            }

            String value = line.substring(valueStart, valueEnd);

            if (value.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (property.endsWith(".dns") || property.endsWith(".dns1") ||
                property.endsWith(".dns2") || property.endsWith(".dns3") ||
                property.endsWith(".dns4")) {

                // normalize the address
                InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName(value);
                if (ip == null) continue;
                value = ip.getHostAddress();

                if (value == null) continue;
                if (value.length() == 0) continue;

                serversSet.add(value);
            }
        }
        return serversSet;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the specified link properties have any default route
     *
     * @param linkProperties linkProperties
     * @return true if the specified link properties have default route or false otherwise
     */
    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    private boolean linkPropertiesHasDefaultRoute(LinkProperties linkProperties) {
        for (RouteInfo route : linkProperties.getRoutes()) {
            if (route.isDefaultRoute()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    //endregion
}

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import android.annotation.TargetApi;

import android.content.Context;

import android.net.ConnectivityManager;

import android.net.LinkProperties;

import android.net.Network;

import android.net.NetworkInfo;

import android.net.RouteInfo;

import android.os.Build;

import android.util.Log;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.io.LineNumberReader;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import java.net.InetAddress;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.HashSet;

import java.util.List;

import java.util.Set;

/**

* DNS servers detector

*

* IMPORTANT: don't cache the result.

*

* Or if you want to cache the result make sure you invalidate the cache

* on any network change.

*

* It is always better to use a new instance of the detector when you need

* current DNS servers otherwise you may get into troubles because of invalid/changed

* DNS servers.

*

* This class combines various methods and solutions from:

* Dnsjava http://www.xbill.org/dnsjava/

* Minidns https://github.com/MiniDNS/minidns

*

* Unfortunately both libraries are not aware of Orero changes so new method was added to fix this.

*

* Created by Madalin Grigore-Enescu on 2/24/18.

public class DnsServersDetector {

private static final String TAG = "DnsServersDetector";

/**

* Holds some default DNS servers used in case all DNS servers detection methods fail.

* Can be set to null if you want caller to fail in this situation.

private static final String[] FACTORY_DNS_SERVERS = {

"8.8.8.8",

"8.8.4.4"

};

/**

* Properties delimiter used in exec method of DNS servers detection

private static final String METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM = "]: [";

/**

* Holds context this was created under

private Context context;

//region - public //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**

* Constructor

public DnsServersDetector(Context context) {

this.context = context;

}

/**

* Returns android DNS servers used for current connected network

* @return Dns servers array

public String[] getServers() {

// METHOD 1: old deprecated system properties

String[] result = getServersMethodSystemProperties();

if (result != null && result.length > 0) {

return result;

}

// METHOD 2 - use connectivity manager

result = getServersMethodConnectivityManager();

if (result != null && result.length > 0) {

return result;

}

// LAST METHOD: detect android DNS servers by executing getprop string command in a separate process

// This method fortunately works in Oreo too but many people may want to avoid exec

// so it's used only as a failsafe scenario

result = getServersMethodExec();

if (result != null && result.length > 0) {

return result;

}

// Fall back on factory DNS servers

return FACTORY_DNS_SERVERS;

}

//endregion

//region - private /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**

* Detect android DNS servers by using connectivity manager

*

* This method is working in android LOLLIPOP or later

* @return Dns servers array

private String[] getServersMethodConnectivityManager() {

// This code only works on LOLLIPOP and higher

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {

try {

final ArrayList<String> priorityServersArrayList = new ArrayList<>();

final ArrayList<String> serversArrayList = new ArrayList<>();

final ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager) context.getSystemService(android.content.Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);

if (connectivityManager != null) {

// Iterate all networks

// Notice that android LOLLIPOP or higher allow iterating multiple connected networks of SAME type

for (Network network : connectivityManager.getAllNetworks()) {

final NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getNetworkInfo(network);

if (networkInfo.isConnected()) {

final LinkProperties linkProperties = connectivityManager.getLinkProperties(network);

final List<InetAddress> dnsServersList = linkProperties.getDnsServers();

// Prioritize the DNS servers for link which have a default route

if (linkPropertiesHasDefaultRoute(linkProperties)) {

for (InetAddress element : dnsServersList) {

final String dnsHost = element.getHostAddress();

priorityServersArrayList.add(dnsHost);

}

} else {

for (InetAddress element : dnsServersList) {

final String dnsHost = element.getHostAddress();

serversArrayList.add(dnsHost);

}

// Append secondary arrays only if priority is empty

if (priorityServersArrayList.isEmpty()) {

priorityServersArrayList.addAll(serversArrayList);

}

// Stop here if we have at least one DNS server

if (priorityServersArrayList.size() > 0) {

return priorityServersArrayList.toArray(new String[0]);

}

} catch (Exception ex) {

Log.d(TAG, "Exception detecting DNS servers using ConnectivityManager method", ex);

}

// Failure

return null;

}

/**

* Detect android DNS servers by using old deprecated system properties

*

* This method is NOT working anymore in Android 8.0

* Official Android documentation state this in the article Android 8.0 Behavior Changes.

* The system properties net.dns1, net.dns2, net.dns3, and net.dns4 are no longer available,

* a change that improves privacy on the platform.

*

* https://developer.android.com/about/versions/oreo/android-8.0-changes.html#o-pri

* @return Dns servers array

private String[] getServersMethodSystemProperties() {

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {

// This originally looked for all lines containing .dns; but

// http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=2207#c73

// indicates that net.dns* should always be the active nameservers, so

// we use those.

final String re1 = "^\\d+(\\.\\d+){3}$";

final String re2 = "^[0-9a-f]+(:[0-9a-f]*)+:[0-9a-f]+$";

ArrayList<String> serversArrayList = new ArrayList<>();

try {

Class<?> SystemProperties = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");

Method method = SystemProperties.getMethod("get", new Class[]{String.class});

final String[] netdns = new String[]{"net.dns1", "net.dns2", "net.dns3", "net.dns4"};

for (String netdn : netdns) {

Object[] args = new Object[]{netdn};

String v = (String) method.invoke(null, args);

if (v != null && (v.matches(re1) || v.matches(re2)) && !serversArrayList.contains(v)) {

serversArrayList.add(v);

}

// Stop here if we have at least one DNS server

if (serversArrayList.size() > 0) {

return serversArrayList.toArray(new String[0]);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.d(TAG, "Exception detecting DNS servers using SystemProperties method", e);

}

// Failed

return null;

}

/**

* Detect android DNS servers by executing getprop string command in a separate process

*

* Notice there is an android bug when Runtime.exec() hangs without providing a Process object.

* This problem is fixed in Jelly Bean (Android 4.1) but not in ICS (4.0.4) and probably it will never be fixed in ICS.

* https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8688382/runtime-exec-bug-hangs-without-providing-a-process-object/11362081

* @return Dns servers array

private String[] getServersMethodExec() {

// We are on the safe side and avoid any bug

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN) {

try {

Process process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("getprop");

InputStream inputStream = process.getInputStream();

LineNumberReader lineNumberReader = new LineNumberReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));

Set<String> serversSet = methodExecParseProps(lineNumberReader);

if (serversSet != null && serversSet.size() > 0) {

return serversSet.toArray(new String[0]);

}

} catch (Exception e) {

Log.d(TAG, "Exception in getServersMethodExec", e);

}

// Failed

return null;

}

/**

* Parse properties produced by executing getprop command

* @param lineNumberReader lineNumberReader

* @return Set of parsed properties

* @throws Exception Exception

private Set<String> methodExecParseProps(BufferedReader lineNumberReader) throws Exception {

String line;

Set<String> serversSet = new HashSet<String>(10);

while ((line = lineNumberReader.readLine()) != null) {

int split = line.indexOf(METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM);

if (split == -1) {

continue;

}

String property = line.substring(1, split);

int valueStart = split + METHOD_EXEC_PROP_DELIM.length();

int valueEnd = line.length() - 1;

if (valueEnd < valueStart) {

// This can happen if a newline sneaks in as the first character of the property value. For example

// "[propName]: [\n…]".

Log.d(TAG, "Malformed property detected: \"" + line + '"');

continue;

}

String value = line.substring(valueStart, valueEnd);

if (value.isEmpty()) {

continue;

}

if (property.endsWith(".dns") || property.endsWith(".dns1") ||

property.endsWith(".dns2") || property.endsWith(".dns3") ||

property.endsWith(".dns4")) {

// normalize the address

InetAddress ip = InetAddress.getByName(value);

if (ip == null) continue;

value = ip.getHostAddress();

if (value == null) continue;

if (value.length() == 0) continue;

serversSet.add(value);

}

return serversSet;

}

/**

* Returns true if the specified link properties have any default route

* @param linkProperties linkProperties

* @return true if the specified link properties have default route or false otherwise

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)

private boolean linkPropertiesHasDefaultRoute(LinkProperties linkProperties) {

for (RouteInfo route : linkProperties.getRoutes()) {

if (route.isDefaultRoute()) {

return true;

}

return false;

}

//endregion

}

参考链接

Android DNS更新与DNS-Prefetch

一、什么是DNS

DNS（Domain Name System，域名系统），dns用于将域名解析解析为ip地址。

例如：给你www.baidu.com的主机名，你给
我查出对应的ip地址：163.177.151.109。一些主机名还会有别名，如www.baidu.com就
有别名www.a.shifen.com，甚至不止一个别名，或一个别名有2个ip地址。在linux机子
上，运行nslookup（name service lookup）就是进行域名解析。如下面：

~$ nslookup www.baidu.com
Server:         127.0.0.1
Address:        127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
www.baidu.com   canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 163.177.151.109
Name:   www.a.shifen.com
Address: 163.177.151.110

~$ nslookup www.baidu.com

Server: 127.0.0.1

Address: 127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:

www.baidu.com canonical name = www.a.shifen.com.

Name: www.a.shifen.com

Address: 163.177.151.109

Name: www.a.shifen.com

Address: 163.177.151.110

DNS工作方式分为递归查询和迭代查询，具体可参考下图

继续阅读Android DNS更新与DNS-Prefetch

ubuntu 18.04 Apache2启用HTTP/2

HTTP/2 可以让我们的应用更快、更简单、更稳定 – 这几词凑到一块是很罕见的！HTTP/2 将很多以前我们在应用中针对 HTTP/1.1 想出来的“歪招儿”一笔勾销，把解决那些问题的方案内置在了传输层中。不仅如此，它还为我们进一步优化应用和提升性能提供了全新的机会！

——《Web 性能权威指南》

Ubuntu18.04 官方源已经包含带有HTTP2模块的 Apache/2.4.29 ，所以我们可以很简单的启用 HTTP2。

$ sudo a2enmod http2

1	$ sudo a2enmod http2

首先启用 http2 模块，然后在虚拟主机的配置文件中或者在 Apache2 的全局配置文件中加入：

Protocols h2 http/1.1

1	Protocols h2 http/1.1

当客户端支持时优先使用 HTTP2 ，其次是 http/1.1，表明了一种优先顺序。

目前为止就已经启用完成了，但如果你是使用的 Apache2+PHP 架构的应用程序，由于 mpm_prefork 模块不支持 mod_http2，所以我们需要切换 mpm_prefork、mod_php 到 mpm_event 和 php-fpm 来解决这个问题。

# Install php-fpm and enable
$ sudo apt install php-fpm

$ sudo systemctl enable php7.2-fpm

# To enable PHP 7.2 FPM in Apache2
$ sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif

$ sudo a2enconf php7.2-fpm

# First to disable PHP 7.2/ mpm_prefork to avoid conflicts,then enable.
$ sudo a2dismod php7.2 mpm_prefork

$ sudo a2enmod mpm_event

# Install php-fpm and enable

$ sudo apt install php-fpm

$ sudo systemctl enable php7.2-fpm

# To enable PHP 7.2 FPM in Apache2

$ sudo a2enmod proxy_fcgi setenvif

$ sudo a2enconf php7.2-fpm

# First to disable PHP 7.2/ mpm_prefork to avoid conflicts,then enable.

$ sudo a2dismod php7.2 mpm_prefork

$ sudo a2enmod mpm_event

继续阅读ubuntu 18.04 Apache2启用HTTP/2

解决GitHub的raw.githubusercontent.com无法连接问题

https://site.ip138.com/raw.Githubusercontent.com/

输入raw.githubusercontent.com

查询IP地址

修改hosts Ubuntu，CentOS及macOS直接在终端输入

$ sudo vi /etc/hosts

1	$ sudo vi /etc/hosts

添加以下内容保存即可（IP地址查询后相应修改，可以ping不同IP的延时选择最佳IP地址）

# GitHub Start
52.74.223.119 github.com
192.30.253.119 gist.github.com
54.169.195.247 api.github.com
185.199.111.153 assets-cdn.github.com
199.232.96.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
#151.101.76.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
151.101.108.133 user-images.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 gist.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 cloud.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 camo.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars0.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars4.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars5.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars6.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars7.githubusercontent.com
151.101.76.133 avatars8.githubusercontent.com
# GitHub End

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